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1、SelectedforaViewpointinPhysicsweekendingPRL115,204302(2015)PHYSICALREVIEWLETTERS13NOVEMBER2015Shape-IndependentLimitstoNear-FieldRadiativeHeatTransfer112OwenD.Miller,StevenG.Johnson,andAlejandroW.Rodriguez1DepartmentofMathematics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,C
2、ambridge,Massachusetts02139,USA2DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NewJersey08544,USA(Received6April2015;published12November2015)Wederiveshape-independentlimitstothespectralradiativeheattransferratebetweentwocloselyspacedbodies,generaliz
3、ingtheconceptofablackbodytothecaseofnear-fieldenergytransfer.Throughconservationofenergyandreciprocity,weshowthateachbodyofsusceptibilityχcanemitandabsorbradiationatenhancedratesboundedbyjχj2=Imχ,optimallymediatedbynear-fieldphotontransferproportionalto1=d2acrossase
4、parationdistanced.Dipole-dipoleanddipole-platestructuresapproachrestrictedversionsofthelimit,butcommonlarge-areastructuresdonotexhibitthematerialenhancementfactorandthusfallshortofthegenerallimit.Bycontrast,wefindthatparticlearraysinteractinginanidealizedBornapproxi
5、mation(i.e.,neglectingmultiplescattering)exhibitbothenhancementfactors,suggestingthepossibilityoforders-of-magnitudeimprovementbeyondpreviousdesignsandthepotentialforradiativeheattransfertobecomparabletoconductiveheattransferthroughairatroomtemperature,andsignifican
6、tlygreaterathighertemperatures.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.204302PACSnumbers:44.40.+a,41.20.JbHeatexchangemediatedbyphotons,orradiativeheatAray-opticalblackbodyabsorbseveryphotonincidenttransfer,canbedramaticallymodifiedforbodiesseparateduponitssurface,whichbyrecipr
7、ocity(Kirchoff’slaw)yieldsbysmallgaps[1–7].Weexploitenergy-conservationanditsemissivityandtheblackbodylimittothermalradiationreciprocityprinciplestoderivefundamentallimitstothe[36].Atwavelengthandsubwavelengthscales,nanostruc-near-fieldspectralheatfluxbetweenclosely
8、spacedbodiesturescanexhibitopticalcrosssectionsmuchlargerthanofarbitraryshape,givenonlytheirmaterialsusceptibilitiestheirphysicalcrosssect
