句子成分讲解.docx

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1、英语中句子成分有：主谓宾定状表语主语：可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等．主语一般在句首。n1)Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.n2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.n3)Twoandsixiseight.n4)Smokingisharmfultohealth.n5)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.n6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语：说明主语的动作，状态或特征。做谓语的词类是动词．n1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSe

2、ptember.n2)Sheseemedtired.n3)Whathaveyoubeendoing?n4)Whathaveyoudone?　n5)Hewasoftenlaughedatforthis.6)I’dratherhedidn’tcometomorrow宾语:宾语通常在及物动词（可以接名词的动词）和介词的后面．可以做宾语的词类是名词．代词．数词．不定式．动名词．从句等n1)Ithinkitrighttohelpher.n2)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.n3)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?n4)

3、HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.系动词：本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语（补语），构成主+系+表结构（系动词没有进行时和被动时态）n1）beseemappear2)looksoundtastesmellfeel（感官类）3)getturngrowbecomego（维持类）4)stayremainkeepcontinue（变化类）1.thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft2.thisflowersmellsverysweet3.hisfaceturnedred表语：出现在系动词之后，说明主语的状况、特征、性质等，可由名词、形

4、容词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing、动词-ed、从句等担当1)Myuncleisaprofessor.2)Helookedtired.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimwastowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子.（前置定语放在被修饰词的前面，后置定语放在后面）　　Thegirlintheclassr

5、oomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsacoffeecup.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、伴随、程度、目的等1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitst

6、here,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohis　homework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.名词（表人或物、表时间、表方位）动词（动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等）形容词（表事物的形状、性质、状态）代词（含人称、疑问和指示代词）副词(用在动词或形容词前)介词(用在名词或代词前)连词(起连接作用)助词(起辅助作用,表附加的语气、动态或结构意义)及物动词vt（直接跟宾语）giveme不及物动词vi（不能直接跟宾语的动词，加上介词才能跟宾语）Laughatsblistentothemusiclookat

7、（主要是记短语）不及物动词无被动，Sell作为受欢迎、有销路的意思时是不及物动词，作为销售，买的时候是及物动词thiskindofshoessellwellandareallsoldout英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：Ｓ

8、Ｖ（主＋谓）谓语动词是不及物动词1.Themoon│rose.Thebirdsfly2.Theuniverse│remains.3.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.4.Who│ca