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1、长篇阅读——匹配题Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answ
2、erthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Passage1Paper—MorethanMeetstheEyeA)Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials,andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredif
3、ficulttospotthegrades.B)Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturetha
4、nhighgradecard.C)Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose（纤维素化合物）-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesofwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwooda
5、ndcottonorrags,withthebulkbeingwood-based.PaperfromWoodD)Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkalies(碱)suchascausticsoda,untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalprod
6、uctismade,relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,inaverysmallnutshell,istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemi
7、cals.E)Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandrelea
8、sesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomeb
