常见英语语法术语.doc

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1、英语语法术语（中英对照）4语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword单纯词simpleword派生词derivative[构词法，通过词根加减字母构成不同词性的词]复合词compound【简单说两个单词凑一起构成一个新词，比如hairdresser】词性partofspeech名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountable

2、noun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliary [ɔːɡ'zɪlɪəri]verb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动

3、词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb或者dynamicverbs(动态动词)静态动词state/stativeverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective原级positive比较级comparative最高级superlative副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative[,ɪntə'

4、rɑɡətɪv]adverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocal [rɪ'sɪprək(ə)l]pronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词adje

5、ctivalpossessivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform4非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从

6、句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpu

7、rpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句c