霍夫斯泰德文化维度ppt课件.pptx

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1、Hofstede'sCulturalDimensionsCONTENTS1.Power Distance（权力距离）2.IndividualismvsCollectivism（个人主义vs集体主义）3.UncertaintyAvoidance（不确定性规避）4.Masculinity vsFemininity（男性度vs女性度）5.Long-TermOrientationvsShort-termorientation（长期取向vs短期取向）Powerdistanceisdefinedas'theextenttowhichthelesspowerfulme

2、mbersofinstitutionsandorganizationswithinacountryexpectandacceptthatpowerisdistributedunequally'(Hofstedeetal.,2010:61).Peopleinlargepowerdistancesocietiesacceptahierarchicalorderinwhicheverybodyhasaplacethatneedsnofurtherjustification,whereasthoseinsmallpowerdistancesocietiesstr

3、iveforpowerequalizationanddemandjustificationforpowerinequalities.Power Distance定义：在一个国家内部，组织机构中处于弱势地位的成员对权力分布不平等的接受度在权力距离远的社会中，人们接受等级制度，而不去寻求正义。然而在权力距离小的社会中，人们谋求权力的平等，在不平等面前要求伸张正义。Individualismpertainsto'societiesinwhichthetiesbetweenindividualsareloose:everyoneisexpectedtolooka

4、fterhim-orherselfandhisorherimmediatefamily.Collectivismasitsoppositepertainstosocietiesinwhichpeoplefrombirthonwardareintegratedintostrong,cohesivein-groups,whichthroughoutpeople'slifetimecontinuetoprotecttheminexchangeforunquestioningloyalty'(Hofstedeetal.,2010:92).Peopleinanin

5、dividualistculturearemoreconcernedwiththeirownself-interest,andwilltendtobeinfluencedlessbygrouporsocietalnorms.Inacollectivistculture,theindividualismorelikelytobemotivatedbygroupinterests.Peopleareguidedbywhatisthebestforthegroupthroughsharing,cooperation,andgroupharmony.Indivi

6、dualismvsCollectivism个人主义意味着在这样的社会中，社会成员之间的联系很松散，每个人只关心自己或与之亲近的人。相反，在集体主义社会中，人们从出生起就融入到强大而紧密的群体当中，这个群体为人们提供终身的保护以换取人们对于该群体的绝对忠诚.在个人主义文化里，人们更关注自身利益，较少受到集体和社会准则的影响。在集体主义文化中，个体容易被集体利益驱使，做出有利于集体的事情，如共享，合作及维护团体和睦。Uncertaintyavoidanceisdefinedas‘theextenttowhichthemembersofaculturefeel

7、threatenedbyambiguousorunknownsituations’(Hofstedeetal.,2010:191).Stronguncertaintyavoidancesocietiesmaintainrigidcodesofbeliefandbehaviorandareintoleranttowardsdeviantpersonsandideas,butweakuncertaintyavoidancesocietiesmaintainamorerelaxedatmosphereinwhichpracticecountsmorethanp

8、rinciplesanddevianceismoreeasilytolerate