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1、2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.
WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion。now36%do.
In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedt
2、hatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.
InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.
Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.
First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.
Seco
3、nd,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.
AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.
Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.
Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.
Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.
Itscurrentle
4、ader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.
Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.
MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’s6/6budgetispatrolledbyunions.
Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools,theC
5、CPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.
Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.
Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.
Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,
keepingthepayincreasesmodestbuta
6、ddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.
Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,
wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.
Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimport
7、antvariable,
teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.
Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.
InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.
Butman
8、ywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.
JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWestern6/
