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1、安徽农业科学,JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci.2010,38(10):5166-5169,5172责任编辑张彩丽责任校对傅真治寒地水稻保护性耕作对稻田土壤生理生化状况的影响1112211郑桂萍,钱永德,汪秀志,张德远,刘崇文,刘丽华,吕艳东(1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319;2.黑龙江鹤岗宝泉岭二九O分公司,黑龙江鹤岗156202)摘要[目的]从耕作的角度探讨如何合理利用土壤,防止土壤肥力退化,维持地力,改善稻田生态环境,提高稻田土壤的生产力。[方法]以水稻垦鉴稻10为材料,采用保护性耕作和常规耕作方式种植,研究水稻节水保护性耕作和常规耕作下土壤根
2、系量、土壤理化性状、土壤酶、秸秆分解率、土壤温度及微生物变化的规律。[结果]水稻节水保护性耕作条件下土壤理化性状明显改善,在旋耕部分根量占绝对优势,同时可降低土壤容重、增大土壤孔隙度、提高土壤速效养分,过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性分别比常规耕作高5139%、14.52%、8.33%,蔗糖酶活性比常规低32.82%,表层、全耕层、深层秸秆粗分解率分别比常规耕作高11.71%、4.96%和9.10%,总细菌量大量增加,土壤温度明显改善。[结论]水稻节水保护性耕作方式为黑龙江垦区农业生态发展奠定了良好的基础。关键词耕作方式;稻田;土壤理化;土壤微生物;土壤酶活性中图分类号S154文献
3、标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2010)10-05166-04EffectofProtectiveCultivationPatternsofRiceinColdAreasonSoilPhysiologicalandBiochemicalStatusZHENGGui2pingetal(CollegeofAgriculture,HeilongjiangBayiAgriculturalUniversity,Daqing,Heilongjiang163319)Abstract[Objective]Theresearchdiscussonhowtousethesoilreasonabl
4、y,preventthedegradationofsoilfertility,maintainthelandca2pability,improvetheecologicalenvironmentofpaddyfieldandimprovethesoilproductivityofpaddyfieldfromthecultivationaspect.[Meth2od]TakingKenjiandao10asmaterials,thechangelawsofrootweight,soilphysicalandchemicalcharacteristics,soilenzyme,stra
5、wdecom2posionrate,soiltemperature,microorganismofriceundertheplantingpatternsofwater2savingprotectivecultivationandconventionalcultiva2tionwerestudied.[Result]Soilphysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofriceunderwater2savingprotectivecultivationpatternwereimprovedobviously.Therootweightshadabsolut
6、eadvantagesinrotarytillagesection.Water2savingprotectivecultivationpatterncoulddecreasesoilbulkdensity,improvesoilporosity,enhancesoilquick2actingnutrients.Theactivitiesofcatalase,acidphosphatase,ureaseunderwater2sav2ingprotectivecultivationpatternwere5.39%,14.52%,8.33%higherthanconventionalti
7、llage.Buttheactivityofsucrasewas32.82%lowerthanconventionaltillage.Thecrudestrawdecomposionrateinsurfacelayer,wholetillagelayer,deeplayerwere11.71%、4.96%和9.10%.higherthanconventionaltillage.Thetotalnumberofbacteriagreatlyincreased,andso
