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1、托福阅读杜昶旭托福文章的结构分类•ETS的官方分类•Classification•Comparison/Contrast•Cause/Effect•Problem/Solution托福文章的结构分类•顺承式•阅读重点：时间及事件发展线索•结构：线形结构托福文章的结构分类•分类式•阅读重点：分类方式及类别特征•结构：树形结构托福文章的结构分类•问题解决/现象解释式•阅读重点：解决方案（解释）和最终结论•伞形结构阅读笔记•阅读笔记的目的•辅助形成思维框架•辅助记忆•解题信息索引•替代勾画行为阅读笔记的内容•结构主体的核心词•时间和数字•同步记录时间及
2、相应的事件•一律记录为数字•人名、地名、专有名词：使用缩写阅读笔记的内容•举例主体•新概念及局部核心概念•重要的逻辑关系：符号化逻辑关系的符号化•因果：•比较：>,<,=;•对比:•类比：~•最高级：mostA/Aest逻辑关系的符号化•否定：NotA•分类：大括号/表格•定义：A==•举例：e.g./i.e.;aA•过程和线索：=>几条建议•不要考虑是否该记•不要试图记录所有内容•不要回忆，即时记录•分段记录•中英文结合阅读中的逻辑控制•为什么要做逻辑控制（预测）？阅读中的逻辑控制阅读文字Y产生期待修正期待N验证期待详略选择的阅读•重新建立衡量
3、阅读快慢的标准•t=s/v详略选择的阅读•需要详读的内容•结构主体[0,R0]•非举例性质的概括描述•题目映射回原文的内容{R1,R2,„,Rn}详略选择的阅读•需要略读的内容为何而举•大量的数据堆积举例主体•明显的举例结束位置•对比/类比读一半•让步转折读一半阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitorsGrowth,reproduction,anddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitors1stGrowth,re
4、production,Organismsexpendenergyanddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitors1stGrowth,reproduction,Organismsexpendenergyanddailymetabolismallrequireanorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfin
5、ancesarebudgeted.阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitors1stGrowth,reproduction,Organismsexpendenergyanddailymetabolismallrequire~budgetinganorganismtoexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitors1stGrowth,r
6、eproduction,anddailyOrganismsexpendenergymetabolismallrequireanorganismto~budgetingexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.阅读示例OpportunistsandCom
7、petitors1stGrowth,reproduction,anddailyOrganismsexpendenergymetabolismallrequireanorganismto~budgetingexpendenergy.Theexpenditureofenergyisessentiallyaprocessofbudgeting,justasfinancesarebudgeted.Ifallofone’smoneyisspentonclothes,theremaybenonelefttobuyfoodorgotothemovies.Sim
8、ilarly,阅读示例OpportunistsandCompetitors1stGrowth,reproduction,anddaily
