g-逻辑智能体-人工智能(ai)

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1、逻辑智能体LogicalAgents（知识，推理）Chapter71“ThinkingRationally”Computationalmodelsofhuman“thought”processesComputationalmodelsofhumanbehaviorComputationalsystemsthat“think”rationallyComputationalsystemsthatbehaverationally2逻辑智能体逻辑（基于知识）智能体Logic(Knowledge-Based)agents通用知识＋当前的感知在决定动作前推理(infer)出当前状态的隐含状况这在部分可观察

2、环境中至关重要3要点基于知识的智能体Knowledge-basedagents怪兽世界Wumpusworld逻辑Logicingeneral命题逻辑与一阶逻辑Propositionalandfirst-orderlogic推理，合法，等价，可满足模式推理Reasoningpatterns归结Resolution前向/后向链Forward/backwardchaining4知识和推理Knowledge&Reasoning知识库knowledgebase(KB):智能体所知道的一系列知识根据推理的规则（rulesofinference）由旧的事实推出新事实逻辑Logic表示知识，并进行推理5知识库

3、KnowledgeBase知识库:一系列语句以一种知识表示语言的格式来表示（有关世界的）断言基于知识的智能体:Tellitwhatitneedstoknow.Askitwhattodo应遵循推理的规则由知识库得到答案tellask6通用的基于知识智能体GenericKB-BasedAgent7基于知识智能体的特性能够:表示状态和动作综合新的感知更新关于世界的内部认识推导出世界的隐含性质推导出适合的动作8MineSweeperDesignalogicalagenttoplayminesweeper9PEASAnalysisMineSweeperPerformancemeasure+1forea

4、chminecorrectlyidentified,-1forincorrectlyidentifyingamine,-1000forselectingalocationcontainingamine,+1000foridentifyingallmines.Environment9x9board,eachsquarehasaminewithprobability0.1ActuatorsAgentcanmarkalocationascontainingamine,canmarkalocationasunknown,orselectalocationforviewingSensorsAgentca

5、nsensethenumberofminessurroundingadjacentlocationsAgentknowsnumberofminesremaining10怪兽问题WumpusWorld怪兽Wumpus11怪兽问题的PEAS描述Performancemeasure性能度量gold:+1000,death:-1000-1perstep,-10forusingthearrowEnvironment环境SquaresadjacenttowumpusaresmellySquaresadjacenttopitarebreezyGlitteriffgoldisinthesamesquareSh

6、ootingkillswumpusifyouarefacingit.ItscreamsShootingusesuptheonlyarrowGrabbingpicksupgoldifinsamesquareReleasingdropsthegoldinsamesquareYoubumpifyouwalkintoawallSensors传感:Stench,Breeze,Glitter,Bump,ScreamActuators执行:Leftturn,Rightturn,Forward,Grab,Release,Shoot12Wumpusworld的特征FullyObservableNo–onlylo

7、calperceptionDeterministicYes–outcomesexactlyspecifiedEpisodicNo–thingswedohaveanimpact.StaticYes–WumpusandPitsdonotmoveDiscreteYesSingle-agentYes–Wumpusisessentiallyanaturalfeature13ExploringtheWumpu