大学物理高斯定理课件 英文版

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1、Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场Chapter20Gauss’sLawAstatementoftherelationshipbetweenelectricchargeandelectricfield.1ElectricFlux2Gauss’sLaw3ApplicationofGauss’sLawChapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场NewWordsandExpressionsflux通量Gauss’sLaw高斯定理gaussionsurface高斯面spherical球面的cylindri

2、cal柱面的planar平面的Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场1.ElectricFlux(通量)p487-4891)ThecasesthatplanesareintheuniformEandtheelectricfielddirectionisperpendiculartothesurfaceSESEEelectricflux—Theproductofelectricfieldandareaofsurface.Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场2)Thecasesthatp

3、lanesareintheuniformEbuttheareaSinnotperpendiculartoEThenumberofelectricfieldlinethroughbothareaofSandSareequal,so均匀电场，E与平面夹角enΦEScoseSΦESEeChapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场3)Fornonuniformfieldsandcurvedsurfaceswerewritethisdefinitionofelectricfluxindiffer

4、entialform:非均匀电场强度电通量EdSdSedSneEdΦeEdSnΦdΦEcosdSeesΦEdSes(electricfluxthroughaGaussiansurface)Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场3)ForthesurfaceswhichisclosedS为封闭曲面EdS1规定：取闭合面外法线方向为正向。Wedefineof1E2ESorofdS,topoint1outwardfromthe2enclosedvolum

5、e.dS2π,dΦ01e12Fluxleavingthevolumeispositive.π,dΦ02e22Whereasfluxenteringthevolumeisnegative.Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场闭合曲面的电场强度通量EdSdΦEdSeSEΦEdSEcosdSeSS例:如图所示，有一个y三棱柱体放置在电场强E1度E200iNC的匀强电场中.求通过此三o棱柱体的电场强度通量.zxChapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电

6、场解ΦeΦe前Φe后yPenΦΦΦe左e右e下NΦΦΦoEe前e后e下eRnxEdS0zMeQsnΦEdSEScosπESe左左左s左ΦEdSEScosESe右右左s右ΦΦΦΦΦΦ0ee前e后e左e右e下Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场3.Gauss’Law(P489-491)KarlFriedrichGauss(1777-1835),Germanmathematicianandphysicist.Hemadealotof

7、contributionsinthefieldsofexperimentalphysics,theoreticalphysicsandmathematics.Hemademajorcontributionstothetheoryofelectromagnetism.Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场Chapter20Gauss’sLaw第八章静电场1)Gauss’lawforvacuum.定理：在真空中,通过任一闭合曲面的电场强度通量,等于该曲面所包围的

8、所有电荷的代数和除以.0（与面外电荷无关，闭合曲面称为高斯面）1n:permittivityΦEdSq0eioffreespaceS0i1Thefluxoftheelectricfieldthroughaclosedsurfaceofanyshapeequalsto1/timesofthe0algebrai