软件工程-实践者的研究方法 (8)

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1、1Chapter9ArchitecturalDesignSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,7/ebyRogerS.Pressman2WhyArchitecture?Thearchitectureisnottheoperationalsoftware.Rather,itisarepresentationthatenablesasoftwareengineerto:(1)analyzetheeffectivenessofthedesigninme

2、etingitsstatedrequirements,(2)reducetherisksassociatedwiththeconstructionofthesoftware.(3)representationsofsoftwarearchitectureareanenablerforcommunicationbetweenallparties(stakeholders)interestedinthedevelopmentofacomputer-basedsystem.(4)thearchitec

3、turehighlightsearlydesigndecisionsthatwillhaveanimpactonallsoftwareengineering.3WhatIsArchitecture?Thesoftwarearchitectureofaprogramorsystemisthestructureofthesystem,whichcomprisesoftwarecomponents,theexternalvisiblepropertiesofthosecomponents,andthe

4、relationshipsamongthem.4ArchitecturalDescriptionsTheIEEEComputerSocietyhasproposedIEEE-Std-1471-2000,RecommendedPracticeforArchitecturalDescriptionofSoftware-IntensiveSystem,[IEE00]toestablishaconceptualframeworkandvocabularyforuseduringthedesignofso

5、ftwarearchitecture,toprovidedetailedguidelinesforrepresentinganarchitecturaldescriptionTheIEEEStandarddefinesanarchitecturaldescription(AD)asa“acollectionofproductstodocumentanarchitecture.”5ArchitecturalStylesData-centeredarchitecturesDataflowarchit

6、ecturesCallandreturnarchitecturesObject-orientedarchitecturesLayeredarchitectures6Data-CenteredArchitecture7DataFlowArchitecture8CallandReturnArchitecture9LayeredArchitecture10ArchitecturalDescriptions-Example分层技术架构11ArchitecturalDescriptions-Example

7、平台功能架构12ArchitecturalDesignThesoftwaremustbeplacedintocontext(环境)thedesignshoulddefinetheexternalentities(othersystems,devices,people)thatthesoftwareinteractswithandthenatureoftheinteractionAsetofarchitecturalarchetypes(原型)shouldbeidentifiedAnarchety

8、peisanabstraction(similartoaclass)thatrepresentsoneelementofsystembehaviorThedesignerspecifiesthestructureofthesystembydefiningandrefining(精炼)softwarecomponentsthatimplementeacharchetype13ArchitecturalContext14DefineArchetype15ComponentStructure16Ref