备受争议的“便当史”.doc

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1、备受争议的“便当史”　　It’snotanothermiddleclassDIYproject.ThebentoboxisastapleofJapaneseculinaryhistory.2　　ThehistoryofbentoisfardeeperthanPokémoncafésandPinspiration.3TheJapaneselunchcontainerevolvedfromutilitytostatussymboltokawaiioverthepast15centuries.4Infact，duringtimesofeconomicuncertaintyowningabe

2、ntoboxwasdownright5controversial.　　Inthe5thcentury，Japan’sfarmers，hunters，andwarriorspackedtheirlunchesinsacksorboxesandbroughtthemtothefields.6Thedesignisderivedfromafarmer’sseedbox，andusuallyfeaturesmultiplecompartments7fordifferentdishes，suchasrice，vegetables，andfish.　　Fromthere，bentospreada

3、crosscountries―China，SouthKorea，thePhilippines，andmore.Theword“bento”wasactuallyderivedfromtheSouthernSongDynastyslang8termbiàndāng，whichmeans“convenient.”Eachcultureadopteditsowndishesforthebox，buttheideaofavaried，balancedlunchremainedconstant.9Bentobecameafavoriteforculturalgatheringsandsocia

4、levents，suchasfestivals，theater，andreligiousholidays.Boxesthemselvescouldbemadeoflacquered10woodorbasketmaterial.WhenthealuminumbentobecamepopularduringJapan’sTaishōperiodbeginningin1912，11bentosuddenlywentfromlunchtoluxury.　　AfterWorldWarI，Japangrappledwith12economicinequality.Whileitsnewfound

5、hegemonyinAsiagrewJapan’sindustry，farmersandmoretraditionallaborerscontendedwithunstablecrops.13Thewealthgaptrickleddown14toJapan’schildren.Wealthyparentssenttheirkidstoschoolwithshinybentolunches，neatlypackedwithnutritiousfare15；poorfamiliescouldnolongeraffordtheonce-simplebento.　　“Mymotherwas

6、olderthantheotherkids’mothersandshefilledmylunchboxwithtiny，traditionalporcelain16dishesandcups.Theotherkidshadmodernlunchboxeswithjellysandwichesandwienerscuttolooklikebunnies，”17writesGakuHommainTheFolkArtofJapaneseCountryCooking.Hismotherwasrelievedwhentheschoollunchprogrambegan.　　Initiatedi

7、nthelate19thCentury，theMinistryofEducationrecommendednutritiousmealsforallschoolchildren.Theschoollunchlaterbecamestandard18in1954，duringWorldWarIIreconstruction.Hommaremembersthoselunchestypicallycontainedacupofmilk，koppepan，apat