初中被动语态语法及练习.doc

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1、被动语态（强化辅导）　2010.10一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态　　　主动语态表示是动作的执行者　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　　Cats　eat　fish.　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。　Fishiseatenbycats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成　　由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成　　助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。1.一般现在时的被动语态：TheyspeakEnglish.→Englishisspoken(bypeople)2.一般过去时的被动语态：Hewateredtheflowersjustnow.→T

2、heflowerswerewatered(him)justnow.3.一般将来时的被动语态：Wewillcleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomwillbecleaned(byus).4.现在进行时的被动语态：Tomispickingapples.→ApplesarebeingpickingbyTom5.现在完成时的被动语态：Theworkershavebuiltahouse.→Ahousehasbeenbuiltbytheworkers.6.情态动词的被动语态：Youshouldlookafterhimwell.→Heshouldbelookedafterwell.

3、二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→IwasgivenabikebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Iwasboughtashirtbymyfatheryesterday.2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to(make制造，buy变为被动时常用for)。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→AbikewasgiventomebyTomlastyear.Myfat

4、herboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Ashirtwasboughtformeyesterday.三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。Youmustlistentotheteachercarefulllyinclass.→Theteachermustbelistenedtocarefullyinclass.四、主动语态中有些动词　，如：make，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to。Weoftenheartheboysinginthenextroom.→Theboyisoften

5、heardtosinginthenextroom.四．注意事项：1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)2.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….如：Thedishtastesgood.3.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersnee

6、dtoberepaired.练习：将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hereadthelettertoallhisfriends.2.Idon’tgivehimmybooks.3.Hehandedmethemagazine.4.Sheboughtherbrotheradictionary.5.Wemustchoosesomebooksforyourbrother.6.Theynamedhim“hero”7.Theyfoundtheplacewasawonderfulvillage.8．Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.9.Youmus

7、tfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.10.Theywillpaintthehouseagainnextyear.11.TheygaveMaryanewdollforherbirthday.12.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoplayhere.13.WehadtorepairourTVset.14．Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylive