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1、Learningpaper4GrammarLearningaim:TomastertheuseofinfinitiveandgerundImportantanddifficultpoints:ThecomparisonofinfinitiveandgerundforobjectI.动词不定式和动名词在作宾语时的用法比较1.有些动词后通常接不定式作宾语，如：afford,agree,aim,ask,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,want,manage,learn,offer,p
2、lan,wish,refuse,pretend,promise等。Ican’taffordtobuyacar.Myfriendagreedtocomewithme.Hefailedtopassthedrivingtest.Weallhopetoseeyou.Heofferedtotakethechildhome.Myfriendpromisedtobethereontime.2.动名词做宾语（1）有些动词后只能跟动名词。如：admit,avoid,keep,delay,deny,enjoy,mind,mis
3、s,practice,risk,mention,can’tstand,permit,risk等。Doyoumindme_________(sit)down?Noonecanavoid________(make)mistakes.（2）在一些短语动词后或介词后也用动名词作宾语。keepon,insiston,giveup,putoff,be/getusedto,succeedin,dreamof,feellike,lookforwardto,beworth,thinkof,betiredof,befondof
4、等等。Ihavegivenup_____________(learn)topaint.I’mnotgoodatit.Shehasgotusedto________________(drive)ontheleft.Theyinsistedon________(pay)forthemeal.Myparentsarefondof___________(go)toartgalleries.Iamlookingforwardto_____________(visit)theexhibitionofQiBaishi’s
5、inkpaintings.3.有些动词既可跟动词不定式也可跟动名词，含义上往往无差别。如：like,love,hateprefer,begin,start,intend,continue,learnIlikesleepingintheopenair.=Iliketosleepintheopenair.Ihatewritingletters.=Ihatetowriteletters.4.remember,forget,goon，try,mean,need,want,require,can’thelp等后既可以
6、跟动词不定式，也可以跟动名词。含义上有差别。(1)remember,forget后接动名词表示曾经做过的事，后接不定式表示该去做的事。Herememberedcallinghismother.Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.Iforgotgivinghimthemoney.Iforgottogivehimthemoney.(2)trytodo“尽力做”trydong“试着做”.goontodo“继续做不同的事或不同内容的事”;goondoing”继续做
7、某事（指同一动作的继续）”(3)meantodo”打算做某事”meandoing“意味着…”(4)can’thelptodo“无法帮忙做…”can’thelpdoing”禁不住…”(5)want/need/requiredoing=want/need/requiretobedone“需要被做”Theclassroomneedscleaning.=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.II.Practice1.Whichdoyouenjoy_______yoursparetime,play
8、ingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?A.spendingB.tospendC.havingspentD.tohavespent2.WhenIopenedthedoor,mysonpretended___________abook.A.toreadB.tobereadingC.tohavereadD.reading3.Tomisthinking__________anewnov
