资源描述:
《《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U4.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Unit4LanguageandCultureSomeIdeasRelatedtolanguageandculture1.InterrelationshipbetweencultureandlanguageEachculturehasitsownpeculiaritiesandthrowsspecialinfluenceonthelanguagesystem.Forexample,referringtothesamecommondomesticanimal,Englishchoosestheword“dog”,whileChinese
2、hasitsowncharacter“狗”;Chinesehasthephrase“走狗”whileEnglishhastheexpression“runningdog”,butthemeaningsattributedtothetwoexpressionsarecompletelydifferentaccordingtoChinesecultureandWesternculturerespectively.ToWesterners,“runningdog”hasapositivemeaningsincetheword“dog”,in
3、mostcases,isassociatedwithanimageofananimalpet-thefavoritefriend,thustheyhavethephrases“luckydog”(幸运儿),“topdog”(胜利者),“olddog”(老手),“gaydog”(快乐的人),anditisusuallyusedtodescribeeverydaylifeandbehavior,asin“Loveme,lovemydog”(爱屋及乌),“Everydoghasitsday”(凡人皆有得意日).ButinChinese“走狗
4、”referstoalackey,anobsequiousperson.SinceChineseassociatesderogatorymeaningtothecharacter“狗”dependingontheculturaldifference,Chinesehassuchexpressionsas“狗东西”,“狗腿子”,“狗仗人势”,“狗胆包天”,“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”,“狼心狗肺”,“痛打落水狗”,“狗急跳墙”. Wecanobviouslyseethatthemeaningattributedtolanguageiscultu
5、ral-specific.Agreatdealofcross-culturalmisunderstandingoccurswhenthe“meanings”ofwordsintwolanguagesareassumedtobethesame,butactuallyreflectdifferentculturalpatterns.SomearehumorousaswhenaTurkishvisitortotheU.S.refusedtoeatahotdogbecauseitwasagainsthisbeliefstoeatdogmeat
6、.SomearemuchmoreseriousaswhenaFrenchcoupleonatriptoChinatooktheirpetpoodleintoarestaurantandrequestedsomedogfood.Thedogwascookedandreturnedtotheirtableonaplatter! Wecansummarizetherelationshipbetweencultureandlanguageasthefollowing:languageisakeycomponentofculture.Itist
7、heprimarymediumfortransmittingmuchofculture.Withoutlanguage,culturewouldnotbepossible.Childrenlearningtheirnativelanguagearelearningtheirownculture;learningasecondlanguagealsoinvolveslearningasecondculturetovaryingdegrees.Ontheotherhand,languageisinfluencedandshapedbycu
8、lture.Itreflectsculture.Culturaldifferencesarethemostseriousareascausingmisunderstanding,unpleasantnessandeven