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1、独立主格结构及其用法大家知道，独立主格结构是由两部分构成的词组组成。第一部分一般由名词、名词词组或代词担任，第二部分由动词的非谓语形式(动词不定式、现在分词短语和过去分词短语)、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语担任。这两部分在逻辑意义上有主谓关系，即第一部分是第二部分的逻辑主语。例如：Thequestionsettled,theywenttohavetheirlunch.Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonanouting..Theteachercamein,bookinhand.Themanlaythere,hishandstrembl
2、ing.独立主格结构在句子中可担任不同的句子成分。例如：Thequestionratherdifficult,wemustspendmoretimeconsideringitcarefully.(表示原因)此句可改写为:Asthequestionisratherdifficult,wemustspendmoretimeconsideringitcarefully.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.(表示条件)此句可改写为：Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.独立
3、主格结构根据其不同词类的搭配可归纳如下：1.名词(或代词)+现在分词短语；在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与现在分词短语之间为主动关系。例如：ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.此句可改写为：AsitwasSunday,theyhadnoclasses.Thebellringing,allthestudentsenteredtheclassroom.此句可改写为：Assoonasthebellrang,allthestudentsenteredtheclassroom.2.名词(或代词)+过去分词短语；在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与过去分词之间为被动
4、关系。例如：Everythingtakenintoconsideration,heisthemostsuitablepersonforthejob.此句可改写为：Ifeverythingistakenintoconsideration,heisthemostsuitablepersonforthejob.Herhomeworkdone,Marydecidedtogoshopping.此句可改写为：Asherhomeworkwasdone,Marydecidedtogoshopping.3.名词(或代词)+动词不定式；在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与动词不定式之间为主动关系，
5、动词不定式表示将来。例如：Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups,eachtofinishonethirdofthework.此句可改写为：Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups,andeach(group)wouldfinishonethirdofthework.Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.此句可改写为：Herearethefirstthreevolumes,andthefourthonewillcomeout
6、nextmonth.Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.此句可改写为：HesuggestedgoingforapicnicandMarywouldprovidethefood.4.名词(或代词)+形容词；例如：Thebabybegantocryagain,hisfaceverypaleandhislipscolorless.此句可改写为：Thebabybegantocryagainwithhisfaceverypaleandhislipscolorless.Theyweremakingasnowman,hands
7、redwithcold.此句可改写为：Theyweremakingasnowmanwiththeirhandsredwithcold.5.名词(或代词)+介词短语；例如：Hewaslyingonthelawn,hishandsunderhishead.此句可改写为：Hewaslyingonthelawnwithhishandsunderhishead.So,Oliverrosefromthetableandwentuptothemaster,bowlandspooninhand.此可改写为：So,Oliverrosefromt
