土力学英语词汇.doc

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1、第一章soil土rock岩土sand沙土silt粉土clay粘土weathering风化disintegration分解;崩解decomposition分解作用mineral矿物crack裂缝fracture断裂;破裂debris岩屑thermalstress热应力rockmass岩体sandstone砂岩gravel砾石parentrock母岩naturalsoil天然土;底土residualsoil残积土transportedsoil运积土moraine冰泽igneousrock火成岩granite花岗岩basalt玄武岩sedimentaryroc

2、k沉积岩limestone石灰岩shale页岩alluvialsoil冲积土wind-bornesoil风积土loess黄土dune沙丘windblownsilt风积尘土siltyclay粉质粘土glacialsoil冰川沉积土pleistoceneepoch更新世glacialdeposit冰川沉积erosion侵蚀boulder漂石fragment碎屑foundationengineering基础工程bedrock基岩glacialtill冰土unstratified非层状的unconsolidated不固结的heterogeneous非均质的mar

3、shsoil沼泽土muck淤泥,腐植土inorganicsoil无机土soilparticle土粒void孔隙solidphase固相liquidphase液相vaporphase气相saturatedsoil饱和土drysoil干土originalmineral原生矿物quartz石英feldspar长石isinglass云母hornblende角闪石pyroxene辉石coarseness粗度roundness圆度secondarymineral次生矿物kaolinite高岭石illite依利石montmorillonite蒙脱石waterconte

4、nt含水量crystalstructure晶体结构crystalcell晶胞alluminosilicate铝硅酸盐isomorphousreplacement同晶置换graingroup粒组scree卵石colloidalparticle胶粒sieveanalysis筛分析gradingcurve粒晶分布曲线crystallattice晶格hygroscopicwater吸着水capillarywater毛细管水gravitationalwater重力水fabric组构singlegrainfabric单粒组构flocculentfabric絮凝组构d

5、isperdedfabric分散组构bulkdensity湿密度unitweight容重specificgravity比重watercontent含水量voidratio孔隙比porosity孔隙率drydensity干密度degreeofsaturation饱和度saturatedunitweight饱和容重dryunitweight干容重buoyantdensity浮密度buoyantunitweight浮容重relativedensity相对密度consistency稠度liquidlimit液限plasticlimit塑限shrinkagelim

6、it缩限kneadingmethod搓滚法liquid-plasticlimitcombineddevice液塑限联合测定仪plasticityindex塑性指数liquidityindex液性指数compaction压实，夯实classification分类coarsegrainedsoil粗粒土finegrainedsoil细粒土liquefaction液化第二章seepage渗透totalhead总水头elevationhead位置水头pressurehead压力水头headloss水头损失darcy’slaw达西定律porewaterpressu

7、re孔隙水压力coefficientofpermeability渗透系数hydraulicgradient水力坡降(水力梯度)flowpathlength渗径长度constant-headtest常水头试验falling-headtest变水头试验pumpingtest压水试验groundwater地下水soillayers土层Laplace’sEquation拉普拉斯方程homogeneous均质的isotropic各向同性的anisotropic各向异性的incompressible不可压缩的finitedifferencemethod有限差分法fi

8、niteelementmethod有限单元法boundaryelementmet