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1、2010年英语专业四级阅读理解TextAWhatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicaloranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourpr
2、ogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachinesandproductsthatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Newdrugs,fasterandsafermeansoftransport,newsystemsofappliedknowledgearesomeexamplesofthisaspectofscience.Thesecondaspectistheapplicati
3、onofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenotic
4、eshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditions,whetherofpureorappliedknowledge,andenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.Heisagoodo
5、bserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandappliespersistentandlogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearin
6、aspectrum.Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown.Sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstru
7、mentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindata,whicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhowevents
8、takeplace.Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.81.Manypeopl
