化工设备机械基础英文.doc

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1、化工设备机械基础1force力2compositionofforces力的合成3forceresolution力的分解4componentforce分力5pointofapplicationoftheforce力的作用点6lineofactionoftheforce力的作用线7resultant合力8momentofaforce力矩9armoftheforce力臂10couple力偶11normalpressure法向力,正压力12forceofinertia惯性力13tangentialforce切向力

2、14torque扭矩15load加载,载荷16deformation变形,形变,应变17strength强度,坚固性18rigidity刚性(度)19elasticity弹性，弹力20elasticdeformation弹性变形21plasticity塑性22plasticdeformation塑性变形23stress应力24normalstress正应力，法向应力25tangentialstress切向应力26tension拉伸，拉力27relativeelongation延伸率，伸长率28crosss

3、ection横截面29buckling纵向弯曲，(侧向)压曲30bending弯曲，横向弯曲31slenderness挠度32bar杆（件）33shearforce剪（切）力，横向力34shearangle剪切角，切变角35torsion扭转，扭力36twistangle扭转角37crushing挤压38tensiletest拉伸试验39stress-straindiagram应力—应变曲线40proportionalitylimit比例极限41elasticlimit弹性极限42yieldlimit屈服

4、极限，屈服点43tensilestrength抗拉强度44compressionultimatestrength抗压强度45bendingultimatestrength抗弯强度46long-termstrength持久极限47creeplimit蠕变极限48modulusofelasticity弹性模量49Poisson’sratio泊松比50beam梁51freelysupportedbeam简支梁52span跨度，跨距53support支座（架），支点54cantileverbeam悬臂梁55sta

5、ticallydeterminatebeam静定梁56staticallyindeterminatebeam静不定梁57concentratedload集中载荷58distributedload分布载荷59bendingmoment弯矩60reactionatthesupport反力,支反力61deflection挠度,下垂度62momentofinertia惯性矩63sectionmodulus抗弯模量64polarmomentofinertia极惯性矩65sectionalmodulusoftorsi

6、on抗扭模量66uniaxialstressedstate单向应力状态67planar-stressedstate平面应力状态68three-dimensionallystressedstate三向应力状态69principalstress主应力70strengththeory强度理论71Themaximumnormalstresstheory最大拉应力理论72Themaximumlinearstraintheory最大应变理论73Themaximumshearingstresstheory最大剪应力理论

7、74Thedistortionenergytheory变形能理论75permissiblestress许用应力76factorofsafety安全系数77stressconcentration应力集中78flange;flinch法兰79valve阀,阀门80tangent切线81normal法线82radiusofcurvature曲率半径83curvature曲率84ellipse椭圆85curvedline曲线86circle圆87center圆心88radius半径89diameter直径90pa

8、rabola抛物线91rectangle矩形92surfaceofrevolution旋转曲面93ceneratrix母线94designpressure设计压力95designtemperature设计温度96diagramofthebendingmoments弯矩图97slopeoftheelasticcurve(弹性线)转角98mechanicsofmaterials材料力学99engineeringmechanics工