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1、HISTORYOFROMAN-1ChapterIX:StateOfGermanyUntilTheBarbarians.PartI.TheStateOfGermanyTillTheInvasionOfTheBarbariansInTheTimeOfTheEmperorDecius.ThegovernmentandreligionofPersiahavedeservedsomenotice,fromtheirconnectionwiththedeclineandfalloftheRomanempire.WeshalloccasionallymentiontheS
2、cythianorSarmatiantribes,^*which,withtheirarmsandhorses,theirflocksandherds,theirwivesandfamilies,wanderedovertheimmenseplainswhichspreadthemselvesfromtheCaspianSeatotheVistula,fromtheconfinesofPersiatothoseofGermany.ButthewarlikeGermans,whofirstresisted,theninvaded,andatlengthover
3、turnedtheWesternmonarchyofRome,willoccupyamuchmoreimportantplaceinthishistory,andpossessa67用心爱心专心stronger,and,ifwemayusetheexpression,amoredomestic,claimtoourattentionandregard.ThemostcivilizednationsofmodernEuropeissuedfromthewoodsofGermany;andintherudeinstitutionsofthosebarbarian
4、swemaystilldistinguishtheoriginalprinciplesofourpresentlawsandmanners.Intheirprimitivestateofsimplicityandindependence,theGermansweresurveyedbythediscerningeye,anddelineatedbythemasterlypencil,ofTacitus,^*thefirstofhistorianswhoappliedthescienceofphilosophytothestudyoffacts.Theexpr
5、essiveconcisenessofhisdescriptionshasservedtoexercisethediligenceofinnumerableantiquarians,andtoexcitethegeniusandpenetrationofthephilosophichistoriansofourowntimes.Thesubject,howevervariousandimportant,hasalreadybeensofrequently,soably,andsosuccessfullydiscussed,thatitisnowgrownfa
6、miliartothereader,anddifficulttothewriter.Weshallthereforecontentourselveswithobserving,andindeedwithrepeating,someofthemostimportantcircumstancesofclimate,ofmanners,andofinstitutions,whichrenderedthewildbarbariansofGermanysuchformidableenemiestotheRomanpower.[Footnote*:TheScythian
7、s,evenaccordingtotheancients,arenotSarmatians.ItmaybedoubtedwhetherGibbonintendedto67用心爱心专心confoundthem.-M.]TheGreeks,afterhavingdividedtheworldintoGreeksandbarbarians.dividedthebarbariansintofourgreatclasses,theCelts,theScythians,theIndians,andtheEthiopians.TheycalledCeltsallthein
8、habitantsofGaul.Scythiaext
