英文叙事文写作结构.ppt

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1、NarrativestructureContentsExamReview:semioticschemaNarrativestructureFastreadingStrengthinwhatremainsUnit15AssignmentsPatternsofdevelopmentchronologicalpatternsequentialpatternspatialpatterncompareandcontrastadvantagesanddisadvantagescauseandeffectproblem-solution

2、patterntopicalpatternexemplificationanalogyChronologicalpatternssequentialpatternspatialpatterncompareandcontrastadvantagesanddisadvantagescauseandeffectproblem-solutionpatternTopicalpatternQuestion-AnswerRelationship(QAR)RightThereQuestions:Literalquestionswhosea

3、nswerscanbefoundinthetext.Oftenthewordsusedinthequestionarethesamewordsfoundinthetext.ThinkandSearchQuestions:Answersaregatheredfromseveralpartsofthetextandputtogethertomakemeaning.AuthorandYou:Thesequestionsarebasedoninformationprovidedinthetextbutthestudentisreq

4、uiredtorelateittotheirownexperience.Althoughtheanswerdoesnotliedirectlyinthetext,thestudentmusthavereaditinordertoanswerthequestion.OnMyOwn:Thesequestionsdonotrequirethestudenttohavereadthepassagebuthe/shemustusetheirbackgroundorpriorknowledgetoanswerthequestion.T

5、ypesofinferenceCoherenceinferences(alsoknownastext-connectingorintersentenceinferences)Thesemaintaintextualintegrity.Forexample,inthesentencePeterbeggedhismothertolethimgototheparty,thereaderwouldhavetorealisethatthepronouns‘his’and‘him’refertoPetertofullyundersta

6、ndthemeaning.Elaborativeinferences(alsoknownasgap-fillinginferences)Theseenrichthementalrepresentationofthetext,e.g:Katydroppedthevase.Sheranforthedustpanandbrushtosweepupthepieces.Thereaderwouldhavetodrawuponlifeexperienceandgeneralknowledgetorealisethatthevasebr

7、oketosupplytheconnectionbetweenthesesentences.Localinferences.Thesecreateacoherentrepresentationatthelocallevelofsentencesandparagraphs.Thisclassofinferencesincludes:1.coherenceinferences(describedabove).2.“casestructureroleassignments”,e.g.Danstoodhisbikeagainstt

8、hetree.Thereaderneedstorealisethatthetreeisassignedtoalocationrole.3.some“antecedentcausal”inferences,e.g.Herushedoff,leavinghisbikeunchained.Thereaderw