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1、TVadvertisementsaroundtheworldTelevisionadvertisementsappearbetweenshows,butalsointerrupttheshowsatintervals.Thismethodofscreeningadvertisementsisintendedtocaptureorgrabtheattentionoftheaudience,keepingtheviewersfocusedonthetelevisionshowsothattheywilln
2、otwanttochangethechannel;instead,theywill(hopefully)watchtheadvertisementswhilewaitingforthenextsegment(节)oftheshow.However,remotecontrolshavenowmadeiteasierforaudiencesto"tuneout"advertisementssimplybyallowingthemtoturndownthevolumeorevenswitchchannels
3、whentheadvertisementcomeson.Inaddition,TelevisionrecordingmechanismssuchasDVR(放电调压器)andTiVohavealsoallowedviewerstoskipadvertisingcompletelyduringtelevisionprogramming.Entireindustriesexistthatfocussolelyonthetaskofkeepingtheviewingaudienceinterestedeno
4、ughtositthroughadvertisements.TheNielsenratingssystemexistsasawayforstationstodeterminehowsuccessfultheirtelevisionshowsare,sothattheycandecidewhatratestochargeadvertisersfortheiradvertisements.Advertisementstakeairtimeawayfromprograms.Inthe1960satypica
5、lhour-longAmericanshowwouldrunfor51minutesexcludingadvertisements.Today,asimilarprogramwouldonlybe42minuteslong;atypical30-minuteblockoftimenowincludes22minutesofprogrammingwith6minutesofnationaladvertisingand2minutesoflocal.Inotherwords,overthecourseof
6、10hours,Americanviewerswillseeabout3hoursofadvertisements,twicewhattheywouldhaveseeninthesixties.Furthermore,ifthatsixtiesshowisreruntodayitmaybecutby9minutestomakeroomfortheextraadvertisements(somemodernshowingsofStarTrekexhibitthis).Backinthe1950sand1
7、960s,theaverageadvertisementwasoneminute.Astheyearspassed,theaveragelengthshrankto30seconds(andoften10seconds,dependingonthetelevisionstation'spurchaseofadtime),butmoreofthemarenowshownduringthebreak,whileinthe'60's,onlyoneortwoadvertisementswouldbeshow
8、nateachbreak.However,todayamajorityofadvertisementsrunin15-secondincrements(oftenknownas"hooks").
