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1、一、ClozeInBritain,astudentwhoreceivesfurtherfull-timeeducationaftertheageofeighteen,eitheratauniversityoratateachers’trainingcollegeoratsomeothercollegegivingtrainingofa1type,canusuallyreceiveagrantfromthepublicauthoritiestocoverhisexpenses,ormostofthe
2、m,unlesshisparentshavealargeincome.Butthenumberofyoungpeoplewhocan2universitiesislimitedbythecapacityoftheuniversities,whichis3thanenoughtotakealltheyoungpeoplewhohavethebasicqualificationsforuniversityadmission.Inpractice,therefore,entrytotheuniversi
3、tiesiscompetitive.Butuniversitydegreecourses(学位课程)arealso4atpolytechnics,andentrytotheOpenUniversityislessrestricted.Theacademicyearbeginsafterthesummerholidaysandisdividedintothree“terms”,withthe5betweenthemformedbytheChristmasandEasterholidays.Theex
4、actdatesoftheholidaysvaryfromareatoarea,6ingeneralabouttwoweeksatChristmasandEaster,plusoftenaweekormoreatWhitsun,andsixweeksinthesummer,beginningratherlate.Schoolsoutsidethestatesystemdecideontheirownholiday7,generallytakingamonthoffatChristmasandEas
5、terandeightweeksinthesummer.Thethreetermsarenoteverywherecalledbythesamenames;indeed8schoolscalltheJanuary-Marchperiod“theSpringTerm”,othersuse“SpringTerm”fortheperiodApril-July.SomecalltheJanuaryterm“WinterTerm”(whichislogical),otherscallit“EasterTer
6、m”.Day-schoolsmostlyworkMondaytoFridayonly,fromabout99tobetween3and4p.m.Lunchisprovidedandparentspayforitunlesstheyprovetotheauthoritiesthattheycannotwellafford10.Allprimaryschoolchildren,includingthoseinindependentschools,weregivenmilkfreeofchargeunt
7、il1970whentheGovernmentabolishedthisbenefit.在英国,18岁以后接受进一步全日制教育的学生,无论是在大学或教师培训学院,或是在其他特殊类型的培训学院,通常都可以从公共部门获得补助金来支付他的开支,或者大部分费用,除非他的父母有大笔收入。但是,进入大学的年轻人数量受到大学能力的限制,这还不足以容纳所有具备大学入学基本资格的年轻人。因此,在实践中,进入大学是有竞争力的。但是理工学院也有大学学位课程,开放大学的入学限制也较小。学年从暑假后开始,分为三个学期,每学
8、期之间的间隔由圣诞节和复活节假期组成。假期的确切日期因地制宜,一般在圣诞节和复活节两周左右,加上惠特桑通常一周或一周以上,夏天六周左右,开始相当晚。国家系统以外的学校决定自己的假期,通常在圣诞节和复活节休息一个月,在夏天休息八周。这三个术语并非到处都用相同的名字来称呼;事实上,一些学校称1-3月为“春季学期”,另一些学校称4-7月为“春季学期”。有些人称一月为“冬季学期”(合乎逻辑),另一些人称之为“复活节学期”。日间学校大多只在周一到周五工作,从上午9点到下午3点到4点。提供午餐