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1、APECONOMICSFinancialAnalystWhyAP?CollegelevelcourseGrantstudentcreditHigherchancesforcollegeenrollmentAboutthetest%ofGradeNumberofQuestionsTimeAllottedReadingPeriodSectionI662/36070minutesSectionII331/31long+2short50minutes10minutesAboutthetestAPScoreQualification5Extremelywellqualifi
2、ed4Wellqualified3Qualified2Possiblyqualified1Norecommendation1.BasicsofMicro-econEconomicsdefinedEconomicsstudieshowresourcesareusedandhowcanbeusedtotheirfullestpotential.Macroeconomics:involveseconomicproblemsconcernedbythenation.Microeconomics:concernstheeconomicproblemsfacedbyindiv
3、iduals,orfirms.成本支出要素需求销售收入产品供给产品需求消费支出要素收入要素供给企业家庭产品市场要素市场实物流货币流MicroeconomicsPositivevs.normativeeconomicsPositiveeconomics:isbasedonthescientificmethods,Normativeeconomics:involvesone’svaluejudgments,personalopinions,andnotbasedonascientificinvestigation.Neitherofthesetwohassuperio
4、rity.ResourcesAresourceisanythingthatcanbeusedtoproduceagoodorservice.Itincludes:Land:allnaturalresources.Labor:allhumanattributesthatareproductive,eg.laborforce,labortime,intellectualcapability,etc.Capital:productiveequipmentormachinery,eg.factory,computers,paperclips,etc.Opportunity
5、costOpcostiswhatmustbesacrificedtoobtainsomething.Inthemacroeconomics,opcostis:ifanationdecidestoproduceonemoreunitofproductA,howmanyunitsofproductBwillhavetobesacrificed?E.g.oppcostofguns=1.67poundsbutter/gunOroppcostofbutter=0.6guns/butterProductionpossibilitiesfrontierGunsButter183
6、0Allthepointsalongthefrontierareequal:A,B,CPointsinsidethefrontier,D:resourcesarenotfullyused.Pointsoutsidethefrontier,E:cannotbereached.BACDEProductionpossibilitiesfrontiershiftsTwofactorscausethefrontiertoshift:Changesintheamountofresources:Land:newterritoryfound,oilexploitationLabo
7、r:populationgrowth,Capital:placenewequipmentChangesintechnologyandproductivity.Positivechange:→,reach“E”Negativechange:←,reach“D”LawofincreasingcostsGunsButter1525BAAsmoreofaproductisproduced,itsopcostincreases.Whentheresourcesareshiftedfrombuttertogunproduction,notmanymoregunsareprod
8、uced,
