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1、GothicNovelGothicnovelasonebranchoftheEnglishliteratureandthefatherofhorrormovies.Beginningin1764,gothicnovelsgraduallybecametwobranchesin1790s.1),OneishorribleGothicNovels2),sentimentalgothicnovelsGothicnovelasonebranchoftheEnglishliteratureandthefatherofhorrormoviesori
2、ginsfromTheCastleofOtranto(1764).Moreimportantly,itleadshabituallywithdarknessandhorror.Gothicelementsincludehorror,mystery,supernaturalphenomenon,misfortune,death,hauntedhouses,andfamilycurses.哥特小说，属于英语文学派别，是西方通俗文学中惊险神秘小说的一种。一般被认为随着霍勒斯·沃波尔的《奥特兰托城堡》而产生。哥特小说可以说是恐怖电影的鼻祖，更重
3、要的是，它使我们今天习惯地将哥特式与黑暗、恐怖联系在一起。显著的哥特小说元素包括恐怖，神秘，超自然，厄运，死亡，颓废，住着幽灵的老房子，癫狂，家族诅咒等。Gothicelementsincludethefollowing:1.Settinginacastle.Theactiontakesplaceinandaroundanoldcastle,sometimesseeminglyabandoned,sometimesoccupied.Thecastleoftencontainssecretpassages,trapdoors,secret
4、rooms,darkorhiddenstaircases,andpossiblyruinedsections.Thecastlemaybenearorconnectedtocaves,whichlendtheirownhauntingflavorwiththeirbranchings,claustrophobia,andmystery.2.Anatmosphereofmysteryandsuspense（悬念）.Theworkispervadedbyathreateningfeeling,afearenhancedbytheunknow
5、n.Oftentheplotitselfisbuiltaroundamystery,suchasunknownparentage,adisappearance,orsomeotherinexplicableevent.Elements3,4,and5belowcontributetothisatmosphere.(Again,inmodernfilmmaking,theinexplicableeventsareoftenmurders.)3.Anancientprophecy（预言）isconnectedwiththecastleori
6、tsinhabitants(eitherformerorpresent).Theprophecyisusuallyobscure,partial,orconfusing."Whatcoulditmean?"Inmorewatereddownmodernexamples,thismayamounttomerelyalegend:"It'ssaidthattheghostofoldmanKrebsstillwandersthesehalls."4.Omens,portents,visions（预兆）.Acharactermayhaveadi
7、sturbingdreamvision,orsomephenomenonmaybeseenasaportentofcomingevents.Forexample,ifthestatueofthelordofthemanorfallsover,itmayportendhisdeath.Inmodernfiction,acharactermightseesomething(ashadowyfigurestabbinganothershadowyfigure)andthinkthatitwasadream.Thismightbethought
8、ofasan"imitationvision."5.Supernatural（超自然的）orotherwiseinexplicable（莫名其妙的）events.Dramatic,amazingevents
