英语语言学-备考小知识How to distinguish a compound from a free phrase.doc

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1、Howtodistinguishacompoundfromafreephrase?i.SemanticfeaturesWhentwoormorefreemorphemesarecombinedintoacompound,anewmeaningarise,whichisinmostcasesnolongerasimplecombinationofthemeaningsofthecomponentelements.E.g.agreenhouseadarkhorseii.Orthographicfeature

2、sMostcompoundwordsareeitherhyphenatedorcompletedjoined,likeday-care,grasshopper.Butthisisnotanexclusivepractice,forsomecompoundwordsarealwayswrittenseparately,likedayschool,sportscar,Sundaybestiii.Thestressofacompoundusuallyfallsonthefirstconstituentmorp

3、heme.Compare:CompoundFreenounphrase'greenhousegreen'house'blackboardblack'boardiv.GrammaticalfeaturesCompoundwordshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.Theyhavespecialinternalstructures,whicharenormallyunacceptableinfreephrases,e.g.v.+n.→n.:cut-throat,breakwat

4、ern.+-ed→adj.:homemade,book-learnedadj.+-ed→adj.:newborn,deep-laidV.Compoundshavespecialmorphologicalfeatures.Theiradjectivesconstituentsnormallydonottakethecomparativeandsuperlativeforms.Forinstance,finearts*finerarts,*finestartsloudspeaker*louderspeake

5、r