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1、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果1.时间状语：Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(分词一般式）Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（完成式）注①：现在分词作时间,原因状语：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现分完成式。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyim
2、mediatelysettowork.注②：在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，介词after,before,on.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….2.现在分词作条件状语：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepat
3、hleadingtothesite.3.现在分词作伴随方式状语：Shecamerunningtowardsme.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.4.现在分词作原因状语：Seeingnob
4、odyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.（分词完成式的肯定式）Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.（分完否
5、）5.现在分词作结果状语：（多用于句尾）Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.Note:现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.Note:在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语
6、一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立主格结构I.名词普通格（代词主格）+现在分词1.TheNightcomingon,theystartedforhome.2.Thelastbushavinggone,hehadtowalkhome.3.Timepermitting,wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow.4.Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher,theirchildrenplayingoutside.5.Itraining,Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella.I
7、I.名词普通格（代词主格）+过去分词1.Histeafinished,hewentonwithhiswork.（时间）2.Hishomeworkdone,hewenttowatchthegame.3.Hislegbadlyhurt,hehadtobesenttohospital.（原因）4.Thereportread,discussionbegan.III.名词普通格（代词主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./prep-phrase/n./todo)1.Everything(being)ready,theystartedout.2.Themeetin
8、g(being)over,weallleftthehall.3.W
