力学专业外语(材力结力).doc

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1、材料力学部分安全因数safetyfactor半桥接法halfbridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walledtubes比例极限proportionallimit边界条件boundaryconditions变截面梁beamofvariablecrosssection变形deformation变形协调方程compatibilityequation标距gagelength泊松比Poisson’sratio补偿块compensatingblock材料力学mechanicsofmaterials冲击荷载impactload初应力，预应力initialstress纯剪切pureshear纯弯曲pureb

2、ending脆性材料brittlematerials大柔度杆longcolumns单位荷载unitload单位力偶unitcouple单位荷载法unit-loadmethod单向应力，单向受力uniaxialstress等强度梁beamofconstantstrength低周疲劳low-cyclefatigue电桥平衡bridgebalancing电阻应变计resistancestraingage电阻应变仪resistancestrainindicator叠加法superpositionmethod叠加原理superpositionprinciple动荷载dynamicload断面收缩率

3、percentagereductioninarea多余约束redundantrestraint二向应力状态stateofbiaxialstress分布力distributedforce复杂应力状态stateoftriaxialstress复合材料compositematerial杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigidjoint高周疲劳high-cyclefatigue各向同性材料isotropicalmaterial功的互等定理reciprocal-worktheorem工作应变计activestraingage工作应力workingstress构件st

4、ructuralmember惯性半径radiusofgyrationofanarea惯性积productofinertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距momentofinertia广义胡克定律generalizedHook’slaw横向变形lateraldeformation胡克定律Hook’slaw滑移线slip-lines基本系统primarysystem畸变能理论distortionenergytheory畸变能密度distortionalstrainenergydensity极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polarmomentofinertia极限应力ultimatestress极限荷载limi

5、tload挤压应力bearingstress剪力shearforce剪力方程equationofshearforce剪力图shearforcediagram剪流shearflow剪切胡克定律Hook’slawforshear剪切shear交变应力，循环应力cyclicstress截面法methodofsections截面几何性质geometricalpropertiesofanarea截面核心coreofsection静不定次，超静定次数degreeofastaticallyindeterminateproblem静不定问题，超静定问题staticallyindeterminatepro

6、blem静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem静荷载staticload静矩，一次矩staticmoment颈缩necking开口薄壁杆barofthin-walledopencrosssection抗拉强度ultimatestressintension抗扭截面系数sectionmodulusintorsion抗扭强度ultimatestressintorsion抗弯截面系数sectionmodulusinbending拉压刚度axialrigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axiallyloadedbar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectlyplasti

7、cassumption力法forcemethod力学性能mechanicalproperties连续梁continuousbeam连续条件continuitycondition梁beams临界应力criticalstress临界荷载criticalload迈因纳定律Miner’slaw名义屈服强度offsetyieldingstress莫尔强度理论Mohrtheoryoffailure敏感栅sensitivegrid挠度deflec