爱尔兰的政治与经济.ppt

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1、IrelandpoliticsThepresidentThegovernmentparliamentVotingandreferendaThecivilserviceIrishlegalsystem1.Irelandisarepresentativedemocracy.preview2.ThestructureofIrishgovernment--theIrishRepublichasaPrimeMinister(Taoiseach)(appointsacabinettoexecutethedailybusinessofgovernmen

2、t)andaDeputyPrimeMinister.TheParliamentisthesolepowerofmakinglawsforthestate.(Thislegislationisinterpretedbyahierarchyofcourts.)Thelawsareenforcedbyanunarmedpoliceforce,calledtheGardaSiochana(GuardiansofthePeace).ThegovernmentisheadedbyaPresident,whoiselecteddirectlybythe

3、people.3.ThesystemofgovernmentisbasedontheAmericanprincipleof"checksandbalances".AboutThePresidentUndertheConstitution,thePresident(Uachtaran)iselectedbythedirectvoteofthepeople.Everycitizenof35yearsofageoroveriseligibletorunforPresident.Everycitizenwhohastherighttovotein

4、atanelectionformembersoftheIrishParliamentalsohastherighttovoteatanelectionforPresident.ThePresidentactsasasymbolicHeadofStateonlyanddoesnothaveExecutivefunctions.AndinitssymbolicfunctiontheIrishPresidencyperhapsisnearertothestatusofthepresentQueeninEnglandthantothatofthe

5、PresidentoftheUS.Theincumbent现任PresidentofIrelandisMichaelDanielHiggins(MicheálD.ÓhUigínn).ThePresident'stermofofficeis7years.APresidentcanbereelectedonceonly.TheConstitutioncangivethePresidentcertainpowersthatmakethePresidentineffecttheGuardianoftheConstitution.(Forinst

6、ance,thePresidentmayundercertaincircumstancesreferanyproposedlegislationtotheSupremeCourtforadecisionastowhetheritcontainsanythingrepugnant不一致的totheConstitution.)ThePresidenthasonepowerwhichmayrequireexercisinghisorherabsolutediscretion处理权.ThisallowsthePresidenttorefuseto

7、dissolvetheDailontheadviceofaprimeminister(Taiseach)whohasceasedtoretainthesupportofamajorityintheDail.Part2--GovernmentTheexecutivepowersoftheStateareexercisedby,orontheauthorityof,theGovernment.TheConstitutionprovidesthattheGovernmentshallconsistofnotlessthan7andnotmore

8、than15members:allmustbeelectedmembersoftheIrishParliament.TheGovernmentactscollectivelyandisresp