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时间:2020-09-01
《Language-study-(spoken-or-written)-语言学习-口头语言和书面语言比较学习.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、LanguageStudy---SpokenorWritten1.Aboutspokenandwrittenlanguage2.Thecontrastsbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguage3.Spokenlanguagesupreme4.Writingsupreme5.CompromiseAnidenticalspokenandwrittenlanguagewouldbepracticallyintolerable.Ifwespokeaswewriteweshouldfindnoonetolisten;andif
2、wewroteaswespeakweshouldfindnoonetoread.Thespokenandwrittenlanguagemustnotbetooneartogether,astheymustnotbetoofarapart.---T.S.EliotSpokenlanguage:anefficientwayforsocialorphaticcommunicationSpokenlanguage:oceanmutable,shifting,anddifficulttocaptureanddefineWrittenlanguage
3、:anefficientwayforspreadingtheknowledgeWrittenlanguage:mountainpermanent,clearlydelineated,andavailableforinspectionThecontrastsbetweenspokenandwrittenlanguageSpokenlanguage:phonicsubstanceWrittenlanguage:graphicsubstanceSpokenlanguagecanexploitintonationandvoicepitchtoc
4、onveyinformationWrittenlanguage:read“betweenthelines”Spokenlanguage:Bothparticipantsarepresent,andthespeakerhasaspecificaddressee(orgroupofaddressees)inmind.Writtenlanguage:Theproducerisdistantfromtherecipient---and,often,maynotevenknowwhotherecipientis.SpokenlanguageLoos
5、elystructuredgrammaticallylexicallysparseWrittenlanguageGrammaticallycompactandlexicallydenseTheuseofthismethodofcontrolunquestionablyleadstosaferandfastertrainsrunninginthemostadverseconditions.Youcancontrolthetrainsthiswayandifyoudothatyoucanbequitesurethattheywillbeabl
6、etorunmoresafelyandmorequicklythantheycouldotherwisenomatterhowbadtheweathergets..SpokenlanguagePeoplecenteredWrittenlanguageTopiccenteredSpokenlanguageContextdependentWrittenlanguageContextreducedDouglasBiber:speechandwriting:astylisticcontinuum.(≠twodiscreteentities)(e.
7、g.apersonalletter)Prof.DouglasBiberfounderoftheMulti-dimensionalAnalysis(MDA)approachprofessoratNorthernArizonaUniversity.managerofinternationalprojectteamwhoproducedthe"LongmanGrammarofSpokenandWrittenEnglish"(Longman,1999).SpokenlanguagesupremeSpeechistheprimarymediumo
8、fcommunicationamongallpeoples,itshouldthereforebetheprimaryobjectforlinguisticstudy.FerdinanddeS
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