资源描述:
《土木工程英语翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、土木工程英语翻译翻译1、土木工程可分为许多分支,如结构工程、交通工程、环境工程和岩土工程等。CivilEngineeringcanbedividedintomanybranches,suchasstructuralengineering,transportationengineering,environmentalengineeringandgeotechnicalengineering.2、与其他土木工程分支不同,在岩土工程中,很难明确定义边界条件Andothercivilengineeringbranch,ingeotec
2、hnicalengineering,itisdifficulttoclearlydefinetheboundaryconditions.3、结构工程涉及计算结构中的应力和内力等作用效应,以及确定结构构件的材料、尺寸和外形等。Structuralengineeringinvolvescomputingarchitecturessuchasstressandinternalforceactioneffect,aswellastodeterminethestructuralcomponentsofthematerial,sizean
3、dshape.4、采用GPS和激光扫描技术可精确测量角度、水平和垂直距离等。GPSandlaserscanningtechnologycanaccuratelymeasuretheangle,horizontalandverticaldistance.5、过去卫生工程基本不涉及当今环境工程所包括的危险废物处理。Sanitaryengineeringinthepastdonotinvolvehazardouswastetreatment,includingenvironmentalengineeringtoday.6、当所有力的
4、合力和某一点所有弯矩的合力矩等于零时,力系处于平衡状态。Asystemofforcesissaidtobeinequilibriumwhentheresultantofalltheforcesandtheresultantofallthemomentsatonepointareequaltozero.7、如果未知量超过三个,就不能完全求解平衡方程,系统为静不定。Iftherearemorethanthreeunknowns,theequationscannotbecompletelysolvedandthesystemwill
5、bestaticallyindeterminate.8、反力必需能够抵抗施加在结构上的任何很小的位移和转动。Thereactionmustbeabletoresistappliedtothestructureofanysmalldisplacementandrotation.9、为了计算,假设荷载作用在一点是足够精确的。Inordertocalculate,assumingthattheloadpointissufficientlyaccurate.10、可以看出,稳定问题和反力的确定必需独立于施加在结构上的实际荷载。Itca
6、nbeseenthatthestabilityandreactiontodeterminetherequiredindependentoftheactualloadimposedstructure.11、对于大多数设计情况,规范规定的是静力荷载的大小。Formostdesigns,thespecificationisthesizeofthestaticload.12、对于风作用,许多现象使设计复杂化。Designforwindeffectsiscomplicatedbyanumberofphenomena.13、类似地,单个构
7、件承担的楼板面积越大,在整个面积上,规范活荷载以全部强度出现的概率就越小。Similarly,thegreaterthefloorareathatistobesupportedbyasinglemember,thesmallerwillbetheprobabilitythatthecodeliveloadwillappearwithitsfullintensityovertheentirearea.14、然而,与其他结构荷载相比,恒载变化是相对较小的,实际平均值与规范规定的值很接近。However,comparedtotheo
8、therstructuralloads,thedeadloadvariationsarerelativelysmall,andtheactualmeanvaluesarequiteclosetothecode-prescribeddata.15、至少在理论上,结构上的恒载被认