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1、1.AbbreviationsA:Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.S = sumf = frequencyB:Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.cf= comparee.g. = exampleC:Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.pol= politicsdem= democracylib = lib
2、eralcap = capitalismD:Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj= subjectind= individualcons = conservativeE:Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.assoc = associateb
3、iol= biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem= chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc= concentrationmin = minimumF:Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.ppd= preparedprblm= problem
4、estmt= estimatebkgd= backgroundgvt= governmentG: Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.am't= amountcont'd = continuedgov't= governmenteducat'l= educationalH:Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.chpts= chaptersegs= examplesfs= freque
5、nciesintros = introductionsI:Usegtorepresentingendings.ckg= checkingestg= establishingdecrg= decreasingexptg= experimentingJ:Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.For
6、example,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.K:Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs= againstL:Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.zb= German,forexampleibid = Latin,thesamew
7、orko = degreesH2O = water2.LettersandimagesZ表示“人”people/person,因为“Z”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。E表示总数:total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect. E数学符号表示总值。Q表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。i表示工业:industry,industrial字
8、母i像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。UU看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty,agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的),填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"表示谈判破裂。⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,