Pollution and Climate Change大气污染与气候变化ppt课件.ppt

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1、AirPollutionandClimateChange大气污染与气候变化Chapter4KeyConceptsAirPollutionClimateChangeAirPollutionStructureandcompositionoftheatmosphereTypesandsourcesofoutdoorairpollutionTypes,formation,andeffectsofsmog(烟雾)Sourcesandeffectsofaciddeposition(酸沉降)EffectsofairpollutionPreventionand

2、controlofairpollutionGlossaryatmosphere(大气)Wholemassofairsurroundingtheearth.smog(烟雾)Originallyacombinationofsmokeandfogbutnowusedtodescribeothermixturesofpollutantsintheatmosphere.Seeindustrialsmog,photochemicalsmog.Glossaryindustrialsmog(工业烟雾)Typeofairpollutionconsistingmo

3、stlyofamixtureofsulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),suspendeddroplets(悬浮液滴)ofsulfuricacid(硫酸)formedfromsomeofthesulfurdioxide,andavarietyofsuspendedsolidparticles.Comparephotochemicalsmog.photochemicalsmog(光化学烟雾)Complexmixtureofairpollutantsproducedintheloweratmospherebythereactionofhydroca

4、rbons(碳氢化合物)andnitrogenoxides(氮氧化物)undertheinfluenceofsunlight.Especiallyharmfulcomponentsincludeozone,peroxyacylnitrates(PANs),andvariousaldehydes(醛).Compareindustrialsmog.Glossaryaciddeposition(酸沉降)Thefallingofacidsandacid-formingCompounds(酸形成的化合物)fromtheatmospheretotheear

5、th'ssurface.Aciddepositioniscommonlyknownasacidrain,atermthatrefersonlytowetdepositionofdroplets(水滴)ofacidsandacid-formingcompounds.TheAtmosphere(大气)Troposphere(对流层)Stratosphere(平流层)78%N,21%OOzonelayer(臭氧层)Greenhouseeffect海拔中间层中层顶热层平流层对流层Glossarytroposphere(对流层)Innermostlaye

6、roftheatmosphere.Itcontainsabout75%ofthemassofearth'sairandextendsabout17kilometers(11miles)abovesealevel.Comparestratosphere.stratosphere(平流层)Secondlayeroftheatmosphere,extendingabout17-48kilometers(11-30miles)abovetheearth‘ssurface.Itcontainssmallamountsofgaseousozone(O3),

7、whichfiltersoutabout95%oftheincomingharmfulultraviolet(UV)(紫外线)radiationemittedbythesun.Comparetroposphere.OutdoorAirPollutionPrimarypollutantsSecondarypollutants碳氢化合物悬浮颗粒Glossaryprimarypollutant(主要污染物)Chemicalthathasbeenaddeddirectlytotheairbynaturaleventsorhumanactivitiesa

8、ndoccursinaharmfulconcentration.Comparesecondarypollutant.secondarypollutan