局部解剖学 - 06lowerextremity

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1、TheLowerLimbPelvis,Thigh,LegandFootSurfaceAnatomy:PosteriorPelvisIliaccrestGluteusmaximus=cheeksNatal/glutealcleft=crackGlutealfolds=bottomofcheeksSurfaceAnatomy:AnteriorThigh+LegPalpatePatellaCondylesoffemurFemoralTriangleSartorius(lateral)Adductorlongus(medial)Inguinalligame

2、nt(superior)Femorala+v,lymphnodesSurfaceAnatomy:PosteriorLegPoplitealfossaDiamond-shapefossabehindkneeBoundariesBicepsfemoris(sup-lat)Semitendinosis+semimembranosis(sup-med)Gastrocnemiusheads(inf)ContentsPopliteala+vCalcaneal(Achilles)tendonSurfaceAnatomy:AnteriorLegTibiaTibia

3、ltuberosityAnteriorcrestMedialsurfaceMedialmalleolusFibulaLateralmalleolusBonesofLowerLimbFunctionWeighttransmissionSupport&locomotionMuscleattachmentThighFemurKneePatellaLegTibia(medial)Fibula(lateral)FootTarsals(7)Metatarsals(5)Phalanges(14)LowerLimbBones(continued)FemurArti

4、culatesw/acetabulum(prox)Articulatesw/Tibia&patella(distally)TibiaArticulateswithfibulaproximally+distallyReceivesweightfromfemurMuscleattachmentFibulaReceivesnoweightMuscleattachmentNotpartofkneejointStabilizesanklejointInterosseousmembraneFootFunction:SupportweightActaslever

5、whenwalkingTarsals(posterior½)Talus=ankleBetweentibia+fibulaArticulatesw/bothCalcaneus=heelAttachmentforCalcanealtendonCarriestalusMetatarsals(anterior½)HomologoustometacarpalsPhalanges(anterior½)Smaller,lessnimble3ArchesJointsofLowerLimbHip(femur+acetabulum)Ball+socketMultiax

6、ialSynovialKnee(femur+patella)PlaneGlidingofpatellaSynovialKnee(femur+tibia)Hinge(modified)BiaxialSynovialContainsmenisci,bursa,manyligamentsJointsofLowerLimbProximalTibia+FibulaPlane,GlidingSynovialDistalTibia+FibulaSlight“give”(synarthrosis)Fibrous(syndesmosis)Ankle(Tibia/Fi

7、bula+Talus)Hinge,UniaxialSynovialIntertarsal&Tarsal-metatarsalPlane,synovialMetatarsal-phalangesCondyloid,synovialInterphalangealHinge,uniaxialMusclesofHipandThighGluteals(posteriorpelvis)ExtendthighRotatethighAbductsthighAnteriorCompartmentThighFlexesthighathipExtendslegatkne

8、eMedial/AdductorCompartmentAdductsthighMediallyrotatesthighPo