utility_of_dna_testing_in_genealogical_research课件

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1、UtilityofDNATestinginGenealogicalResearchCarrieRowlandMercerCountyChapterofOhioGenealogicalSocietyNovember1,25,2009carrie.rowland@wright.eduWhatisDNA?Themoleculesinsideeverycellinourbodiesthatcarrygeneticinformationandpassitfromonegenerationtothenext.Thisinform

2、ationisthebiologicalandgeneticinstructionsneedtobuildanorganismandcontroldaytodayfunctionsofallcells.•skincells•livercells•braincells…….It’sallthesame!!!!!WhatDoesitlooklike?TypesofDNATesting:●Nuclear●YChromosome(Y-STR)●Mitochondrial(mtDNA)●SingleNucelotidePoly

3、morphisms(SNPs)●PaternitySexchromosomesX,XX,YNuclearDNAMomDadMitochondriaNuclearDNA:ChromosomesTherearetwotypesofDNA–thus,twotypesoftesting:12TypesofDNAtesting:Nuclear●Uniquetoasingleindividual(non-twin).●Inheritedfrombothparents.●SimilartoaSocialSecuritynumber

4、.●UsedforForensicapplicationsormaternity/paternitytesting.●Markers,notgenesusedforanalysis●JunkDNA–nomedicalvalue.●Nohelpatallwithgenealogicalquestions.2copies/cellAutosomalChromosomesNuclearDNA:•Onlytwocopies/cell.•Inheritedfrombothparents.•Uniquetoindividual.

5、TwotypesofDNA:NuclearTypesofDNAtesting:NuclearStrengths:-Uniquetoanindividual.Candeterminepaternity.Atahighlevelofcertainty.Easytotestforandinterpret.Weakness:-Recombine=mixing.-Nothelpfulingenealogicalstudies.TypesofDNAtesting:Y-chromosome●IDENTICALprofileinal

6、lmalesinapaternalline.●Ychromosomepassedonlyfromfathertoson.●SimilartoaSurnameinmales.●Usedtoassistindeterminingamaleline.●Markers,notgenesusedforanalysis.●JunkDNA–nomedicalvalue.●Profilescalled“haplotypes”.TypesofDNAtesting:Y-chromosomeStrengths:Passedfromgene

7、rationtogenerationwithoutchange–goodlineagemarkers.FoundonlyinMales.Prevalentdatabasesforcomparison.Donotrecombine=NOmixing.Weakness:Cannottestfemalesforapaternalline.Difficultyfindingacloselyrelatedmale?Nomalechildren–line“diesout”.Unknowns:Adoptions,infidelit

8、y…..Doyoureally,reallywanttoknow?(~78genes)(~1000genes)Y-STRsYPrincePhilipPrinceCharlesPrincessAnnePrinceAndrewFemales:XXMales:XYIdenticalYIdenticalYY-STRsYPrinceWilliamPrin