哈尔滨医科大学_系统解剖学_内脏学(splanchnology)

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1、内脏学SplanchnologyAlimentarysystemRespiratorysystemUrinarysystemGenitalsystem内脏VisceraMaleGenitalsystemFemaleGenitalsystem胸膜pleura纵隔mediastinum腹膜peritoneum会阴perineumIntroduction1Buttheviscerahavesomegeneralfeatures.1.Lacations:withinorneartheimportantcavities.2.

2、Tube:eachsystemhasatubewithaopening.3.Themainfunctionsofthevisceraarefulfillthemetabolismandmaintainthelifeofthespecies.一、内脏的一般结构中空性器官Holloworgans实质性器官Solidorgans:Hilum2二、胸部的标志线和腹部分区4区或9区左右侧髂结节连线第10肋最低点连线腹股沟韧带中点3消化系统AlimentarySystemThealimentarysystemcomprises

3、thealimentarycanalandthealimentaryglands.Thealimentarycanalconsistsofthefollowingparts:themouth,thepharynx,theesophagus,thestomach,andsmallandlargeintestines.Thealimentaryglandscontainthesalivaryglands,liverandpancreas.4消化管AlymentaryCanal消化腺AlymentaryGland上消化道

4、：下消化道：口腔、咽、食管、胃、十二指肠空肠、回肠、盲肠、阑尾、结肠、直肠、肛管大消化腺：大唾液腺、胰、肝小消化腺：胃腺、肠腺一、消化系统的组成二、消化系统的功能：摄取、消化、吸收、排出5MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestineLiverPancreasMajorsalivaryglands6呼吸系统RespiratorySystemTherespiratorysystemincludestherespiratorytractand

5、lungs.Theprimaryfunctionofthissystemistosupplythebodywithoxygenandtogetridofexcesscarbondioxideresultingfromcellmetabolism.7肺Lung下呼吸道:鼻Nose、咽Pharynx、喉Larynx:气管Trachea和各级支气管肺实质肺间质一、呼吸系统的组成二、呼吸系统的功能呼吸道Respiratorytract上呼吸道主要是气体交换8胸膜Pleura脏胸膜：Visceralpleura壁胸膜：Par

6、ietalpleura肺的表面胸壁内面、膈上面肋胸膜膈胸膜纵隔胸膜胸膜顶脏胸膜壁（肋）胸膜膈胸膜纵隔胸膜胸膜顶一、区分和纵隔表面9二、胸膜腔PleuralCavity脏胸膜与壁胸膜之间的封闭的浆膜囊腔隙。脏胸膜壁胸膜胸膜腔肋膈隐窝三、胸膜隐窝PleuralRecesses10纵隔Mediastinum一、概念是左右纵隔胸膜间全部器官、结构与结缔组织的总称。二、区分11泌尿系统UrinarySystemTheurinarysystemconsistsoftwokidneys,twoureters,oneurinary

7、bladderandasingleurethra.Itfunctionstoexcretethewasteproducts.Soastoregulatethecompositionoftheinternalenvironmentofthebody.12肾Kidney输尿管Ureter膀胱Bladder尿道Urethra泌尿系统的组成1314生殖系统ReproductiveSystemThereproductive(orgenital)systemincludesthemaleandthefemalereproduc

8、tiveorgans.Theirmainfunctionisbreedingdescendantandsecretinghormone.15组成内生殖器生殖腺输送管道附属腺体（睾丸testis）附睾输精管射精管男性尿道精囊前列腺尿道球腺外生殖器阴囊阴茎男性生殖系统MaleReproductiveSystem161718组成内生殖器外生殖器生殖腺（卵巢ovar