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1、SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气英语动词一般可带有三种不同的语气(mood):陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词不同的形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。一、陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood)用来陈述事实,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如:1.MyfatherandIdroveovertothevillagetoseeMrWu.2.Peopledon'thibernate.3.Whatastrange-lookingperson(heis)!4.Areyoujoking?二、祈使语气(
2、TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。如:1.Sitdown,please.2.Don'tsayitinChinese.SayitinEnglish,please.3.Letmehaveatry.4.Lethimgo.三、虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。(过去虚
3、拟)②与现在事实相反。(现在虚拟)③与将来事实可能相反。(将来虚拟)“后退一步法”①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。②与现在事实相反,用一般过去时形式表示。③与将来事实可能相反,用过去将来时形式表示。1)IfIwereyou,Ishouldn'tdothat.2)Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.3)Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.4)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.条件从句主句did(be动词一般用were
4、)would(should,could,might)+doI.虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法1.表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:1)Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havemethim.3)IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourphonenumber.条件从句主句had+donewould(might/could/should)+ha
5、vedone2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下1)Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.2)Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.3)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.条件从句主句didshoulddoweretodoWould(could/might/should)+do3.表示与将来事实可能相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:Note:省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件句中有were,ha
6、d或should,可以if把省略而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装:例如:1.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.2.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.3.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.1.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_____.(1986) A.wouldsucceed
7、B.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded3.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSaturday,he_____mefromgoing. A.hadbeen;wouldhaveprevented B.hadbeen;wouldprevent C.were;wouldprevent D.were;wouldhaveprevented5.Ifhe______,he_____thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehos
8、pitalimmediately.(1993) A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken7.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting