英文课件核酸.ppt

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1、BIOCHEMISTRYNEUCLEICACIDSCONTENTS4.1TwoNucleicAcids:DNAandRNA4.2Propertieofnucleotides核苷酸4.3PrimaryStructureofNucleicAcids核酸的一级结构4.4SecondaryStructureandtertiaryStructureofNucleicAcids核酸的二级结构和三级结构4.5StabilityofSecondaryandTertiaryStructure核酸的二级结构和三级结构的稳定性4.2Nucleoti

2、desNucleotides=Base+Sugar+PhosphateNucleoside=Sugar+Base(nophosphate)PRdRPbasebaseRiboseordeoxyribose(核糖或脱氧核糖）adenine（腺嘌呤）urecil（尿嘧啶）thymine（胸腺嘧啶）cytosine（胞嘧啶）guanine（鸟嘌呤）PurinebasesPyrimidineBasesStandardNucleotides：5’-adenosinemonophosphate5’-AMP（5’-腺苷酸）5’-guanosi

3、nemonophosphate5’-GMP（5’-鸟苷酸）5’-cytidinemonophosphate5’-CMP（5’-胞苷酸）5’-uridinemonophosphate5’-UMP（5’-脲苷酸）5’-deoxyadenosinemonophosphate5’-dAMP（5’-脱氧腺苷酸）5’-deoxyguanosinemonophosphate5’-dGMP（5’-脱氧鸟苷酸）5’-deoxycytidinemonophosphate5’-dCMP（5’-脱氧胞苷酸）5’-deoxythymidinemonop

4、hosphate）5’-dTMP（5’-脱氧胸腺苷酸MinorBasesorModifiedbases(稀有碱基或修饰碱基)Nucleotidepolyphosphate多磷酸核苷8NDPs（5’-nucleotidediphosphate5’-核苷二磷酸）8NTPs（5’-nucleotidetriphosphate5’-核苷三磷酸）ATPCyclicNucleotidesCoA、NAD+（P）andFADCo-enzymeA（CoA）Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide（NAD+）烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核

5、苷酸、FlavinAdenineDinucleotide（FAD）黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸NADNADPFADNucleotidepropertics1.DissociationinwaterThephosphategroupofanucleotideactsasastrongacid(pKa1),Theaminegroupsofthepurineandpyrimidinebasescanbeprotonated.2.TautomerizationofthebasesThebasescantautomerize(互变异构）;that

6、is,thebasescanredistributepositionsofhydrogensanddoublebondsUnusualbasepair见于酵母苯丙氨酰tRNA1-methyladenine=TNucleotidepropertics3.SpectrumNucleotidesabsorblightstronglyinthenear-ultravioletregionofthespectrum.260（X104）AMP1.54GMP1.17CMP0.75dTMP0.92UMP0.99.Biologicalfunc

7、tionsofnucleotides1、Themonomericunitsofnucleicacids2、Energycarrier：ATP、GTP、CTP、UTP3、signals：cAMP、cGMP4、coenzymes：FAD、NAD、CoA4.3PrimaryStructureofNucleicAcidsTheprimarystructureisthesequenceofnucleosidemonophosphatesDirectionality：5’3’IndividualitypGGTA——,pGpGpTpA——

8、,GGTA——pGGTA（OH）SignificanceofPrimaryStructureGeneticinformationstoredinnucleotidesequenceofDNAGeneisaparticularDNAsequenceDNAisgeneticsub