操作系统 精髓与设计原理ppt课件.ppt

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1、Chapter1ComputerSystemOverviewOperatingSystems:InternalsandDesignPrinciples,6/EWilliamStallingsDaveBremerOtagoPolytechnic,N.Z.©2008,PrenticeHallRoadmapBasicElementsProcessorRegistersInstructionExecutionInterruptsTheMemoryHierarchyCacheMemoryI/OCommunicationTechniq

2、uesOperatingSystemExploitsthehardwareresourcesofoneormoreprocessorsProvidesasetofservicestosystemusersManagessecondarymemoryandI/OdevicesAComputer’sBasicElementsProcessorMainMemoryI/OModulesSystemBusProcessorControlsoperation,performsdataprocessingTwointernalregiste

3、rsMemoryaddressresister(MAR)Memorybufferregister(MBR)I/OaddressregisterI/ObufferregisterMainMemoryVolatileDataistypicallylostwhenpowerisremovedReferredtoasrealmemoryorprimarymemoryConsistsofasetoflocationsdefinedbysequentiallynumbersaddressesContainingeitherdataorins

4、tructionsI/OModulesMovesdatabetweenthecomputerandtheexternalenvironmentsuchas:Storage(e.g.harddrive)CommunicationsequipmentTerminalsSpecifiedbyanI/OAddressRegister(I/OAR)SystemBusCommunicationamongprocessors,mainmemory,andI/OmodulesTop-LevelViewRoadmapBasicElementsPr

5、ocessorRegistersInstructionExecutionInterruptsTheMemoryHierarchyCacheMemoryI/OCommunicationTechniquesProcessorRegistersFasterandsmallerthanmainmemoryUser-visibleregistersEnableprogrammertominimizemainmemoryreferencesbyoptimizingregisteruseControlandstatusregistersUse

6、dbyprocessortocontroloperatingoftheprocessorUsedbyprivilegedOSroutinestocontroltheexecutionofprogramsUser-VisibleRegistersMaybereferencedbymachinelanguageAvailabletoallprograms–applicationprogramsandsystemprogramsTypesofregisterstypicallyavailableare:data,address,con

7、ditioncoderegisters.DataandAddressRegistersDataOftengeneralpurposeButsomerestrictionsmayapplyAddressIndexRegisterSegmentpointerStackpointerControlandStatusRegistersProgramcounter(PC)ContainstheaddressofaninstructiontobefetchedInstructionregister(IR)Containstheinstr

8、uctionmostrecentlyfetchedProgramstatusword(PSW)ContainsstatusinformationConditioncodesUsuallypartofthecontrolregisterAlsocalledflag