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1、ProblemsoftheXIInternationalOlympiad,Moscow,1979ThepublicationhasbeenpreparedbyProf.S.KozelandProf.V.Orlov(MoscowInstituteofPhysicsandTechnology)TheXIInternationalOlympiadinPhysicsforstudentstookplaceinMoscow,USSR,inJuly1979onthebasisofMoscowInstituteofPhys
2、icsandTechnology(MIPT).Teamsfrom11countriesparticipatedinthecompetition,namelyBulgaria,Finland,Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,Sweden,Czechoslovakia,theDDR,theSFRYugoslavia,theUSSR.TheproblemsforthetheoreticalcompetitionhavebeenpreparedbyprofessorsofMIPT(V.B
3、elonuchkin,I.Slobodetsky,S.Kozel).TheproblemfortheexperimentalcompetitionhasbeenworkedoutbyO.KabardinfromtheAcademyofPedagogicalSciences.Itispitythatmarkingschemeswerenotpreserved.TheoreticalProblemsProblem1.AspacerocketwithmassM=12tismovingaroundtheMoonalo
4、ngthecircularorbitattheheightofh=100km.Theengineisactivatedforashorttimetopassatthelunarlandingorbit.Thevelocityoftheejectedgasesu=104m/s.TheMoonradiusRM=1,7·103km,theaccelerationofgravityneartheMoonsurfacegM=1.7m/s2Fig.1Fig.21).Whatamountoffuelshouldbespen
5、tsothatwhenactivatingthebrakingengineatpointAofthetrajectory,therocketwouldlandontheMoonatpointB(Fig.1)?2).Inthesecondscenariooflanding,atpointAtherocketisgivenanimpulsedirectedtowardsthecenteroftheMoon,toputtherockettotheorbitmeetingtheMoonsurfaceatpointC(
6、Fig.2).Whatamountoffuelisneededinthiscase?Problem2.Brassweightsareusedtoweighanaluminum-madesampleonananalyticalbalance.TheweighingisonesindryairandanothertimeinhumidairwiththewatervaporpressurePh=2·103Pa.Thetotalatmosphericpressure(P=105Pa)andthetemperatur
7、e(t=20°C)arethesameinbothcases.Whatshouldthemassofthesamplebetobeabletotellthedifferenceinthebalancereadingsprovidedtheirsensitivityism0=0.1mg?Aluminumdensityρ1=2700kg/m3,brassdensityρ2=.8500kg/m3.Problem3.DuringtheSoviet-Frenchexperimentontheopticallocatio
8、noftheMoonthelightpulseofarubylaser(λ=0,69μm)wasdirectedtotheMoon’ssurfacebythetelescopewithadiameterofthemirrorD=2,6m.ThereflectorontheMoon’ssurfacereflectedthelightbackwardasanidealmirrorwiththediame
