细菌形态结构ppt课件.ppt

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1、MedicalMicrobiology一conceptofmicrooranism:二typeofmicroorganism:1non-celltype2prokaryotes3eukaryotes三generalpropertiesofM:1tinyinsize2simpleinstructure3activeinmetabolism4fastrateinmultiplication5easyinvariation6widelydistributed四relationshiptohuman(一)C.Ncirculationinnat

2、ure(二)inindustry、agricuture、medicine(三)makeupofnormalfloraofhumanbeing1anti-pathogen2providenutrition(四)someMarepathogens1pathogens2opportunisticpathogens五history:leeuwenhoek.1676.microscopy(>200times)Pasteur(1822-1895):1yeastcellscausewinessour2pebrinecausedbyprotozoa

3、n3spontaneousgenerationcontroversy4chickens:42℃,donotacquireanthrax37℃,do5vaccineforrabieskoch:(1843—1910)1cultivationtechniques2staining3isolatedTB4Koch’spostulates:①microbesareobservedintissuespecimensfromdeadanimals;②isolatedandgrowninpureculture;③inoculatedtoa

4、healthanimal;④thediseaseisproducedintheanimal;⑤then1⑥then2六objectofmedicalmicrobiologypathogens七whywestudymedicalmicrobiology八howtostudy---:Chapter1.BacterialMorphologyandStructure§1.sizeandshapeofbacteriasize:tinyum(1um=1/1000mm)shape:coccus:diplo~,strepto~tetrad,sarci

5、na,staphylo~bacillus:spiralbacterium:vibriospirillum§2.structureofbacteriumStructureofBacteria:Essentialstructure:cellwallcellmembranecytoplasmnuclearmaterial(nucloid)SpecialStructurecapsuleflagellapilusspore一Essentialstructureofbacteria(一)cellwall:1peptidoglycan:(1)aba

6、ckbone(2)tetrapeptidesidechains(3)crossbridges2teichoicacid(G+)(1)membrane~(LTA)(2)wall~functions:a.majorsurfaceAgofG+b.RegulatingpassageofionsintoandoutofG+c.bindingBontohostcellsurface3G-(1)outermembrane.(2)LPSa.lipidAb.corepolysaccharidec.O-specificpolysaccharide表1

7、－1革兰阳性菌与阴性菌细胞壁结构比较强度较坚韧较疏松厚度20～80nm10～15nm肽聚糖层数可多达50层1～2层肽聚糖含量占细胞壁干重50%～80%占细胞壁干重5%～20%糖类含量约45%15%～20%脂类含量1%～4%11%～22%磷壁酸＋－外膜－＋细胞壁革兰阳性菌革兰阴性菌4FunctionsofCW.(1) toformtheexternalshapeofB.(2) toprotectBfromburstingduetohighosmolarity:G-5~6G+20~25(3) Abarriertocertainsubsta

8、ncesintoandoutofB.(4) TakepartinBmultiplication.(5) AssociatedwithBantigenicity.5BwithdeficiencyinCW(LForms):B