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1、外文翻译外文原文：PASSAGEAPowerTrainThepowertrainservestwofunctions：ittransmitspowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels,anditvariestheamountoftorque.Thepowertrainincludes：1.engine：thatproducespower；2.transmission：eithermanualorautomatic；3.clutch：usedonlyonmanualtransmission,ortorqueconverter.：used
2、onlyonautomatictransmission;4.driveshaft：thattransmitsthepowerfromtransmissiontodifferential；5.thatcarriesthepowertothetwowheelaxles.SeeFig.5-1.ManualtransmissionThefunctionofamanualtransmission,showninFig.5-2,istotransferenginepowertothedriveshaftandrearwheels.Gearsinsidethetransmi
3、ssionchangethecar’sdrive-wheelspeedandtorqueinrelationtoenginespeedandtorque.Thiskeepstheengine’soutputmatchedascloseaspossibletovaryingroadspeedsandloads.Amanualtransaxle，shownintheFig.5-3.,isasingleunitcomposedofamanualtransmission,differential,anddriveaxles.Mostfront-wheel-drive（
4、FWD）carsareequippedwithatransaxle.Suchtransaxlearealsofoundonsomefront-enginedorrear-wheel-drive（RWD）,four-wheel-drive（4WD）carsandonrear-enginedandrear-wheel-drivecars.Amanualtransmissionrequiresuseofaclutchtoapplyandremoveenginetorquetothetransmissioninputshaft.Theclutchallowsthist
5、ohapppengraduallysothatthecarcanbestartedfromacompletestop.Manualtransmissionusuallyhavefourorfivespeeds,andoftenhave“overdrive”,whichmeansthattheoutputshaftcanturnfasterthantheinputShaftforfueleconomyonthehighway.Whenyouuseit,itwillreducetheenginespeedbyone-third,whilemaintainingth
6、esameroadspeed.ClutchDrivingacarwithamanualtransmission,youdepresstheclutch,selectagear,andreleasetheclutchwhileapplyingpowertogetthecartomove.Theclutchallowsenginepowertobeappliedgraduallywhenavehicleisstartingout,andinterruptspowertoavoidgearcrunchingwhenshifting.Engagingtheclutch
7、allowspowertotransferfromtheenginetotransmissionanddrivewheel.Disengagingtheclutchstopsthepowertransferandallowstheenginetocontinueturningwithoutforcetothedrivewheels.Theclutchbasiccomponentsare：theflywheel,clutchdisk,pressureplate,releasebearingandlinkage.SeeFig.5-4.Theflywheelisbo
8、ltedtothecrankshaft
