句子成分结构.doc

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1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1.主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast. （名词） Helikesdancing. （代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词) Seeingisbelieving. （动名词） Toseeistobelieve. （不定式） Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

2、WestudyEnglish. Heisasleep. 3.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher. （名词） Fiveandfiveisten.（数词） Heisasleep. （形容词） Hisfatherisin. （副词） Thepictureisonthewall. (介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost. （形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome. （表语从

3、句）（常见的系动词有be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea. Hervoicesoundssweet. Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious. Thedoorremainsopen. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词） Hehatesyou.（代词）Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwit

4、hyou. （动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain. （不定式） Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake. Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor. （名词） Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomeh

5、ere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词） Wefoundnobodyin. (副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语） Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）  6.主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor. Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadv

6、isedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词） Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld. （数词） Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词) Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreespl

7、antedlastyeararegrowingwellnow. （过去分词） Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow. Themeet