大学计算机基础英语教学 ppt课件.ppt

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1、Chapter1FundamentalofComputer1IntroductionAcomputerisageneral-purposedevicethatcanbe programmed tocarryoutasetof arithmetic or logicaloperationsautomatically.Sinceasequenceofoperationscanbereadilychanged,thecomputercansolvemorethanonekindofproblem.2Computer’sHistoryMosthistoriesofthe

2、moderncomputerbeginwiththe AnalyticalEngine envisionedby CharlesBabbage followingthemathematicalideasofGeorgeBoole,themathematicianwhofirststatedtheprinciplesoflogicinherentintoday'sdigitalcomputer.Apartfrommechanicalcalculators,thefirstreallyusablecomputersbeganwiththe vacuumtube,acc

3、eleratedwiththeinventionofthe transistor,whichthenbecameembeddedinlargenumbersinintegratedcircuits,ultimatelymakingpossibletherelativelylow-costpersonalcomputer.3AnIntroductionofcomputerThefirstcomputerintheworldwasbornin15th,February,1946.ThecomputerwasnamedasENIAC(ElectronicNumerica

4、lIntegratorandComputer),attheU.S.Army'sAberdeenProvingGroundinMaryland.4ENIACWholemachinewasbuiltinametalcabinet,whichweighed30tonsandwaseightfeethigh,threefeetdeep,and100feetlong.Alsothesystemcontainedover18,000vacuumtubesthatwerecoolingby80airblowers.5ENIACProgramswereloadedintomemo

5、rymanuallyusingswitches,punchedcards,orpapertapes.6GenerationsofComputersFirstGenerationComputersEmployedduringtheperiod1940-1956Usedthevacuumtubestechnologyforcalculationaswellasforstorageandcontrolpurpose.AdvantagesFastestcomputingdevicesoftheirtime;Thesecomputerswereabletoexecuteco

6、mplexmathematicalproblemsinanefficientmanner.7GenerationsofComputersDisadvantagesThefunctioningofthesecomputersdependedonthemachinelanguage.Thereweregenerallydesignedasspecial-purposecomputers.Theuseofvacuumtubetechnologymakethesecomputersverylargeandbulky.Theywerenoteasilytransferabl

7、efromoneplacetoanotherduetotheirhugesizeandalsorequiredtobeplacedincoolplaces.Theyweresingletaskingbecausetheycouldexecuteonlyoneprogramatatime.Thegeneratedhugeamountofheatandhencewerepronetohardwarefaults.8GenerationsofComputersSecondGenerationComputersEmployedduringtheperiod1956-196

8、3Uset