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1、20遗传咨询GeneticCounselingGeneticcounselingistheprocessevaluatingfamilyhistoryandmedicalrecordsorderinggenetictestsevaluatingtheresultsofthisinvestigationhelpingparentsunderstandandreachdecisionsaboutwhattodonextGenetictestsaredonebyanalyzingsmallsamplesofbloodorbodytissues.Theydeterminewheth
2、eryou,yourpartner,oryourbabycarrygenesforcertaininheriteddisorders.1.GeneticCounselorsGeneticcounselorsarehealthprofessionalswithspecializedgraduatedegreesandexperienceintheareasofmedicalgeneticsandcounseling.Mostenterthefieldfromavarietyofdisciplines,includingbiology,genetics,nursing,psyc
3、hology,publichealthandsocialwork.Geneticcounselorsworkasmembersofahealthcareteam,providinginformationandsupporttofamilieswhohavememberswithbirthdefectsorgeneticdisordersandtofamilieswhomaybeatriskforavarietyofinheritedconditions.Theyidentifyfamiliesatrisk,investigatetheproblempresentinthef
4、amily,interpretinformationaboutthedisorder,analyzeinheritancepatternsandrisksofrecurrence,andreviewavailableoptionswiththefamily.Geneticcounselorsalsoprovidesupportivecounselingtofamilies,serveaspatientadvocates,andreferindividualsandfamiliestocommunityorstatesupportservices.Theyserveasedu
5、catorsandresourcepeopleforotherhealthcareprofessionalsandforthegeneralpublic.Somecounselorsalsoworkinadministrativecapacities.Manyengageinresearchactivitiesrelatedtothefieldofmedicalgeneticsandgeneticcounseling.2.WhoShouldSeeOneMostcouplesplanningapregnancyorwhoareexpectingdon'tneedgenetic
6、counseling.About3%ofbabiesarebornwithbirthdefectseachyear,accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention-andofthemalformationsthatdooccur,themostcommonarealsoamongthemosttreatable.Cleftpalateandclubfoot,twoofthemorecommonbirthdefects,canbesurgicallyrepaired,ascanmanyheartmalformat
7、ions.Thebesttimetoseekgeneticcounselingisbeforebecomingpregnant,whenacounselorcanhelpassessyourriskfactors.Butevenafterhebecomepregnant,ameetingwithageneticcounselorcanstillbehelpful.Forexample,several babies havebeendiagnosedwithspinabifidabeforebirth.Recentr
