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1、EpilepsyGeneralConsiderationsAseizureisasudden,transientdisturbanceofbrainfunction,manifestedbyinvoluntarymotor,sensory,autonomic,orpsychicphenomena,aloneorinanycombination,oftenaccompaniedbyalterationorlossofconsciousness.Aseizuremayoccurafterametabolic,traum
2、atic,anoxic,orinfectiousinsulttothebrain.Repeatedseizureswithoutevidentcausejustifythelabelofepilepsy.GeneralConsiderationsIncidenceisgreatestinearlyandlatelife,withaprevalenceofapproximately3～6‰.Chanceofhavingasecondseizureafteraninitialunprovokedepisodeis30%
3、.Chanceofremissionfromepilepsyinchildhoodis80%.GeneralConsiderationsRecurrencerateafterthewithdrawalofdrugsisabout30%.Idiopathicorgeneticepilepsymostoftenappearsbetweenages4and16yaers.GeneralConsiderationsFactorsadverselyinfluencingrecurrenceinclude:Difficulty
4、ingettingtheseizuresundercontrolNeurologicdysfunctionormentalretardationAgeatonsetunder2yearsAbnormalEEGatthetimeofdiscontinuingmedicationTypeofepilepsyEtiologyGeneticfactorBraindamageanddysmetabolismInbornAcquiredCausativefactorClassificationClassifiedbyetiol
5、ogyIdiopathic(essential)epilepsySymptomatic(secondary)epilepsyCryptogenicepilepsyClassificationClassifiedbyepilepticseizuresPartial(foal,local)seizuresSimplepartialseizures,withoutimpairmentofconsciousnessWithmotorsignsWithsomatosensoryorspecial-sensorysymptom
6、sWithautonomicsymptomsorsignsWithpsychicsymptomsClassificationClassifiedbyepilepticseizuresComplexpartialseizures,withimpairmentofconsciousnessPartialseizuresevolvingtosecondarilygeneralizedseizuresClassificationClassifiedbyepilepticseizuresGeneralizedseizures
7、AbsenceseizuresTypicalabsenceAtypicalabsenceMyoclonicseizuresClonicseizuresTonicseizuresTonic-clonicseizuresAtonicseizuresInfantspasm,tonic-spasmUnclassifiedepilepticseizuresClassificationClassificationofepilepsyandepilepsysyndromesBenignchildrenepilepsywithce
8、ntrol-temporalspikeLennox-GastautsyndromeInfantilespaamsJuvenilemyoclonicClinicalmanifestationPartialepilepsyFocalepilepsymayarisefromanintracerebralstructuraldefect,causingmotoror
