语言学-第十、十一章-练习题.doc

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1、I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.L1developmentandL2developmentseemtoinvolvethesameprocesses.2.Thecapacitytoacquireone’sfirstlanguageisafundamentalhumantraitthatallhumanbeingsareequallywellpossessedwith.3.Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilityt

2、oacquiretheirfirstlanguage.4.Childrenfollowasimilaracquisitionscheduleofpredictablestagesalongtherouteoflanguagedevelopmentacrosscultures,thoughthereisanidiosyncraticvariationintheamountoftimethattakesindividualstomasterdifferentaspectsofthegrammar.5.Humanscanbesa

3、idtobepredisposedandbiologicallyprogrammedtoacquireatleastonelanguage.6.Somelanguagesareinferior,orsuperior,tootherlanguages.7.Languageacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionofthevocabularyandthemeaningoflanguage.8.Humanbeingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelangu

4、age,thisgeneticpredispositionisasufficientconditionforlanguagedevelopment.9.Childrenwhogrowupinculturewherecaretakerspeechisabsentacquiretheirnativelanguagemoreslowlythanchildrenwhoareexposedtocaretakerspeech.10.Inmothertongueacquisition,normalchildrenarenotnecess

5、arilyequallysuccessful.11.Forthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequirelittleconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.12.Theavailableevidencetodateindicatesthatanexplicitteachingofcorrectformstoyoungchildrenplaysaminorroleatbest.13.Cor

6、rectionandreinforcementarenotkeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopmentastheywereclaimedtobe.14.Imitation,playsatbestaveryminorroleinthechild’smasteryoflanguage.15.Observationsofchildrenindifferentlanguageareasoftheworldrevealthatthedevelopmentalstagesaresimilar,possibl

7、yuniversal,whateverthenatureoftheinput.16.Achild’sbabblingseemstodependonthepresenceofacoustic,auditoryinput.17.Ingeneral,thetwo-wordstagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild’sfirstyear.18.Children’stwo-wordexpressionsareabsentofsyntacticormorphologicalmarkers.1

8、9.Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlatestagesacquirethemoredifficultsounds.20.Languageacq