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1、工程供应链一般的供应链模型供应链管理最初的论文是1983年和1984年发表在《哈佛商业评论》上的两篇论文。SCM更早的起源是源于迈克·波特1980年发表的《竞争优势》一书中提出的“价值链“(valuechain)的概念。其后，SCM的概念、基本思想和相关理论在美国开始迅速发展。关于供应链管理的定义有多种不同的表述。TheInstituteforSupplyManagementdescribessupplychainmanagementas“thedesignandmanagementofseamless,value-addedprocessacrossorganizational
2、boundariestomeettherealneedsoftheendcustomer.Thedevelopmentandintegrationofpeopleandtechnologicalresourcesarecriticaltosuccessfulsupplychainintegration.”TheSupply-ChainCouncil’sdefinitionofsupplychainmanagementis“managingsupplyanddemand,sourcingrawmaterialsandparts,manufacturingandassembly,wa
3、rehousingandinventorytracking,orderentryandordermanagement,distributionacrossallchannels,anddeliverytothecustomer.”TheCouncilofLogisticsmanagementdefinessupplychainmanagementas“…thesystemic,strategiccoordinationofthetraditionalbusinessfunctionsandthetacticsacrossthesebusinessfunctionswithinap
4、articularcompanyandacrossbusinesswithinthesupplychainforthepurposeofimprovingthelong-termperformanceoftheindividualcompaniesandthesupplychainasawhole.”Dr.HauLeeandhiscoauthorMr.CoreyBillingtondefinesupplychainmanagementas“theintegrationactivitiestakingplaceamonganetworkoffacilitiesthatprocure
5、rawmaterials,transformthemintointermediategoodsandthenfinalproducts,anddeliverproductstocustomersthroughadistributionsystem.”CSCconsistsofalltheconstructionbusinessprocesses,fromthedemandsbytheclient,conceptual,designandconstructiontomaintenance,replacementandeventualdecommissionofbuilding,an
6、dorganizations,whichareinvolvedintheconstructionprocess,suchasclient/owner,designer,generalcontractor(GC),subcontractor,supplier,consultant,etc.CSCisnotachainofconstructionbusinesseswithbusiness-to-businessrelationshipsbutanetworkofmultipleorganizationsandrelationships,whichincludestheflowofi
7、nformationtheflowofmaterials,servicesorproducts,andtheflowfundsbetweenclient,designer,contractorandsupplier,asshowninFig.1.Constructionsupplychainmanagementistheintegrationofkeyconstructionbusinessprocesses,fromthedemandsofclient,designtocons
