火星和月球的静电环境.doc

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1、TheElectrostaticEnvironmentsofMarsandtheMoon火星和月球的静电环境Abstract.TheelectricalactivitypresentintheenvironmentnearthesurfacesofMarsandthemoonhasverydifferentoriginsandpresentsachallengetomannedandroboticplanetaryexplorationmissions.Marsiscoveredwithalayerofdustthathasbeenr

2、edistributedthroughouttheentireplanetbyglobalduststorms.Dust,levitatedbythesestormsaswellasbythefrequentdustdevils,isexpectedtobeelectrostaticallychargedduetothemultiplegraincollisionsinthedust-ladenatmosphere.Dustcoveringthesurfaceofthemoonisexpectedtobeelectrostatical

3、lychargedduetothesolarwind,cosmicrays,andthesolarradiationitselfthroughthephotoelectriceffect.Electrostaticallychargeddusthasalargetendencytoadheretosurfaces.NASA'sMarsexplorationrovershaveshownthatatmosphericdustfallingonsolarpanelscandecreasetheirefficiencytothepointo

4、frenderingtheroverunusable.AndastheApollomissionstothemoonshowed,lunardustadhesioncanhindermannedandunmannedlunarexplorationactivities.Takingadvantageoftheelectricalactivityonbothplanetarysystembodies,dustremovaltechnologiesarenowbeingdevelopedthatuseelectrostaticanddie

5、lectrophoreticforcestoproducecontrolleddustmotion.ThispaperpresentsashortreviewofthetheoreticalandsemiempiricalmodelsthathavebeendevelopedforthelunarandMartianelectricalenvironments. 摘要：火星和月球表面附近环境的电行为有着极为不同的起源，对载人和机器人行星探索任务是个挑战。火星表面覆盖一层尘埃，因全球尘暴重新分布。尘埃，被这些风暴也经常被尘卷风带入高空，

6、一般认为因为在充满尘埃的大气中发生多颗粒碰撞而带电。覆盖月球表面的尘埃一般认为因为太阳风、宇宙射线和太阳辐射本身通过光电效应而带电。带电尘埃有很强的附着表面倾向。美国国家航空航天局火星探测器证明大气尘埃落在太阳能电池板上轻则降低其效率，重则令其彻底报废。阿波罗登月任务表明，月尘附着可能妨碍载人和无人月球探测活动。利用两个行星的电行为，现在正在开发利用静电和介电泳力产生可控的尘埃运动的尘埃清除技术。本文简述了针对月球和火星电环境开发的理论和半经验模型。I.IntroductionMarsandtheEarth'smoonhavevery

7、differentsurfaceandatmosphericenvironments,ascanbeseeninTables1and2.They,however,haveonethingincommon:theirsurfacesarecoveredwitharelativelyhomogeneouslayerofdust.ThissurfacedustdominatestheelectrostaticenvironmentofMarsandplaysanimportantroleinthatofthemoon.Ⅰ，简介火星和地球的月

8、亮有着完全不同的表面和大气环境，见表1和表2.然而，它们有一个共同点：它们的表面覆盖着一层相对均匀的尘埃。这种表面尘埃决定了火星的静电环境并且在月球表面起着重要作用。表1.火星和月球的物理性质火星月球轨道倾斜度23°19