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1、英语语法-Lecture-2Theprincipleofgrammaticalconcordreferstotherulethattheverbmustmatchitssubjectinnumber.Ifthesubjectisplural,theverbshouldtakethepluralform;ifthesubjectissingularorisanon-accountablenoun,theverbshouldtakesingularform.2)Notionalconcord(意义一致)Theprincipleofnotionalconc
2、ordreferstotherulethattheverbcansometimesagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofthenumberratherthantotheactualpresenceofthegrammaticalmarkerforthatnotion.Myfamilyarehavingsuppernow.(theformofthesubjectissingular,butitsmeaningisplural,thustheverbisplural)Thirtydollarsistooexpe
3、nsiveforthisdictionary.(theformofthesubjectispluralbutitsmeaningissingular,sotheverbissingular)3)Proximity(就近原则)Thisprincipledenotesagreementoftheverbwithacloselyprecedingnounphraseinpreferencetoagreementwiththeheadofthenounphrasethatfunctionassubject.eg:Notonlytheteacherbutals
4、ohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.NeitherJulianorIamgoing.2.2Problemsofconcordwithnounsendingin–s.1)Diseaseandgamenamesendingin–s.Namesofdiseasesendingin-saremostlytreatedassingular,butthereareafewsuchnamesas(measlesandrickets)whichcanbeuse
5、deitherassingularorasplural.arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,mumps,diabetesphlebitis…eg:Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.Arthritisisadiseasecausingpainandswellinginthejointsofthebody.Butsomecanbeconsideredasbeingeithersingularorplural.Measlesis/aresometimescausedbyatapeworm.Gamename
6、sendingin–saregenerallyusedassingularwiththeexceptionofcardswhichisusuallytreatedasplural.eg:Darts(投镖游戏)/Marbles(打弹子游戏)/Draughts(跳棋)isaneasygame.Billiardsishisfavoritegame.Cards(纸牌)arenotallowedhere.当darts,marbles等用于做这些游戏所用的镖或弹子等意义时，其复数仍作复数用。2)Subjectnames(学科名称)endingin–icsName
7、sofsubjectsin–icsaregenerallysingularnouns:physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics,statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics,tactics.eg:Acousticsisthescienceofsound.Tacticsisanimportantstudyforthesoldier.Butsomesuchnounsareaspluralwhenusedinothersensesthansubje
8、ctnames.eg:Athletics(体育运动)havebeengreatlypromotedatthi
